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Table of contents
Phase 5d
Section 128a

Arrival at Bethany

Bethany, near Jerusalem

John 11:55-12:1, 9-11
55Now the Passover of the Jews was near, and many people went up to Jerusalem from the countryside to purify themselves before the Passover. 56They were looking for Jesus and saying to one another as they stood in the temple courts, “What do you think? That he will not come to the feast at all?” 57(Now the chief priests and the Pharisees had given an order that if anyone knew where Jesus was, he should report it, so that they might arrest him.) 1Six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who had died and whom Jesus had raised from the dead.
9Meanwhile a large crowd of the Jews found out that Jesus was there, so they came not only because of Jesus but also to see Lazarus, whom he had raised from the dead. 10So the chief priests plotted to kill Lazarus also, 11because on account of him many of the Jews were going over to Jesus and believing in him.
Section 128b

Triumphal entry into Jerusalem

Bethany, near Jerusalem → Jerusalem

Matthew 21:1-3, 6-7, 4-5, 8-11, 14-17Mark 11:1-11Luke 19:29-44John 12:12-19
1When they drew near to Jerusalem and came to Bethsphage, at the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two disciples ahead, 2telling them, “Go into the village ahead of you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied there and a colt with it. Untie them and bring them to me. 1When they drew near to Jerusalem and came to Bethsphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two of his disciples ahead 2and said to them, “Go into the village ahead of you, and immediately as you enter it you will find a colt tied there, on which no one has sat. Untie it and bring it here. 29As he drew near to Bethsphage and Bethany, at the mount called Olivet, he sent two of his disciples ahead, 30saying, “Go into the village ahead of you. As you enter it, you will find a colt tied, on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it here. 12On the next day, when a large crowd that had come to the feast heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem,
3If anyone says anything to you, say, ‘The Lord has need of them.’ And immediately he will send them.” 3If anyone says to you, ‘Why are you doing this?’ say, ‘The Lord has need of it.’ Then he will immediately send it here.” 31If anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying it?’ tell him this: ‘The Lord has need of it.’ ”
6So the disciples went and did just as Jesus had directed them. 4So they went and found a colt outside in the street tied at a door, and they untied it. 5But some of the people who were standing there said to them, “What are you doing, untying the colt?” 6They answered them just as Jesus had instructed, and the people let them go. 32So those who were sent went off and found it just as he had told them. 33As they were untying the colt, its owners said to them, “Why are you untying the colt?” 34They said, “The Lord has need of it.”
7They brought the donkey and the colt and laid on them their garments, and Jesus sat on them. 7Then they brought the colt to Jesus and put their garments on it, and he sat on it. 35Then they brought the colt to Jesus, threw their garments over it, and set Jesus on it. 13they took palm branches and went out to meet him. They were crying out,“Hosanna!Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord,the King of Israel!”[*] 14Finding a young donkey, Jesus sat on it, just as it is written,
4Now all this took place to fulfill what the Lord had spoken through the prophet: 5“Say to the daughter of Zion,‘Behold, your king is coming to you,humble and mounted on a donkey,and a colt, the foal of a beast of burden.’ ”[*] 15“Do not be afraid, daughter of Zion.Behold, your king is coming,sitting on a donkey's colt.”[*] 16(His disciples did not understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, they remembered that these things were written about him, and that these things had been done to him.) 17Now the crowd that had been with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb and raised him from the dead was testifying about it. 18That is why a crowd went out to meet him, because they heard he had done this sign. 19So the Pharisees said to one another, “You see that you are achieving nothing. Behold, the world has gone after him.”
8A very large crowd spread their garments on the road, and others cut down branches from the trees and also spread them on the road. 9The crowds that went ahead of him and those that followed were crying out,“Hosanna to the Son of David!Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!Hosanna in the highest!”[*] 8Many people spread their garments on the road, and others cut down leafy branches from the trees and also spread them on the road. 9Those who went ahead of him and those who followed were crying out,“Hosanna!Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord![*] 10Blessed is the kingdom of our father David that is coming in the name of the Lord!Hosanna in the highest!” 36As he went along, people were spreading their garments on the road. 37And as he drew near to the descent of the Mount of Olives, the whole multitude of the disciples began to praise God joyfully with a loud voice for all the miracles they had seen, 38saying,“Blessed is the kingwho comes in the name of the Lord!Peace in heaven,and glory in the highest!”[*] 39But some of the Pharisees from among the crowd said to Jesus, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples.” 40In response he said to them, “I tell you, if they keep silent, the stones will cry out.” 41As he drew near to Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it, 42saying, “If only you had known, especially on this your day, what would bring about your peace! But now it is hidden from your eyes. 43For the days will come upon you when your enemies build a barricade around you and encircle you, hemming you in on every side. 44They will raze you to the ground, and your children within you. They will not leave in you one stone upon another, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation.”
10As he came into Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred up, saying, “Who is this?” 11So the crowds were saying, “This is Jesus the prophet, who is from Nazareth of Galilee.” 11aThen Jesus entered Jerusalem
14Then the lame and the blind came to him in the temple courts, and he healed them. 15But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things that he did and the children crying out in the temple courts, “Hosanna to the Son of David,” they were indignant 16and said to him, “Do you hear what these children are saying?” Jesus said to them, “Yes, have you never read,‘Out of the mouths of babies and nursing infantsyou have prepared praise’?” 11band went into the temple courts.
17And leaving them, he went out of the city to Bethany and spent the night there. 11cWhen he had looked around at everything, he went out to Bethany with the twelve, since the hour was already late.
Section 129a

Cursing of the fig tree having leaves but no figs

Bethany, near Jerusalem → Jerusalem

Matthew 21:18-19aMark 11:12-14
18Early in the morning, as Jesus was returning to the city, he was hungry. 19aSeeing a lone fig tree by the road, he came to it and found nothing on it but leaves. 12On the next day, as they went out from Bethany, Jesus was hungry. 13Seeing in the distance a fig tree that had leaves, he went to find out if it had any fruit. When he came to it, he found nothing but leaves, because it was not the season for figs. 14In response Jesus said to the fig tree, “May no one ever eat fruit from you again.” And his disciples heard it.
Section 129b

Second cleansing of the temple

Jerusalem, in the temple

Matthew 21:12-13Mark 11:15-18Luke 19:45-48
12Then Jesus entered the courts of God's temple and drove out all who were selling and buying there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who were selling doves. 15Then they came to Jerusalem, and Jesus entered the temple courts and began driving out those who were selling and buying there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who were selling doves, 16and he would not allow anyone to carry anything through the temple courts. 45Then Jesus entered the temple courts and began driving out those who were selling and buying there.
13And he said to them, “It is written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer,’ but you have made it a den of robbers.”[*] 17Then he began to teach the people, saying, “Is it not written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer for all nations’? But you have made it a den of robbers.” [*] 18When the scribes and the chief priests heard this, they began looking for a way to destroy him, for they were afraid of him, because the entire crowd was astonished at his teaching. 46He said to them, “It is written, ‘My house is a house of prayer,’ but you have made it a den of robbers.”[*] 47Every day Jesus was teaching in the temple courts, but the chief priests and the scribes were seeking to destroy him, and so were the prominent leaders among the people. 48But they could not figure out what to do, for all the people were hanging on his every word as they listened to him.
Section 130a

Request of some Greeks to see Jesus and necessity of the Son of Man\'s being lifted up

Jerusalem

John 12:20-36a
20Now there were some Greeks among those who went up to worship at the feast. 21They came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and requested of him, “Sir, we would like to see Jesus.” 22Philip went and told Andrew, and in turn Andrew and Philip told Jesus. 23Jesus replied to them, “The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. 24Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains alone0x3B but if it dies, it bears much fruit. 25Whoever loves his life will lose it, but whoever hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life. 26If anyone wants to serve me, he must follow me0x3B and where I am, there will my servant be also. If anyone serves me, the Father will honor him.” 27“My soul is now troubled. And what shall I say? ‘Father, save me from this hour’? No, it is for this reason that I have come to this hour. 28Father, glorify your name.” Then a voice came from heaven: “I have glorified it, and will glorify it again.” 29When the crowd standing there heard the voice, they said it was thunder. Others said, “An angel has spoken to him.” 30Jesus responded, “This voice has come not for my sake, but for your sake. 31Now is the judgment of this world. Now the ruler of this world will be cast out. 32And when I am lifted up from the earth, I will draw all people to myself.” 33(He said this to indicate the kind of death he was going to die.) 34The crowd responded to him, “We have heard from the law that the Christ remains forever, so how can you say, ‘The Son of Man must be lifted up’? Who is this ‘Son of Man’?” 35Jesus said to them, “The light is with you for a little while longer. Walk while you have the light, so that the darkness may not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going. 36aWhile you have the light, believe in the light, so that you may become sons of light.”
Section 130b

Different responses to Jesus and Jesus' response to the crowds

Jerusalem

John 12:36b-50
36bAfter saying these things, Jesus went away and was hidden from them. 37Although he had done so many signs in their presence, they did not believe in him. 38This was to fulfill what had been spoken by Isaiah the prophet:“Lord, who has believed our report?And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?”[*] 39For this reason they could not believe, for again Isaiah said, 40“He has blinded their eyesand hardened their hearts,lest they should see with their eyesand understand with their heart and turn back,and I would heal them.”[*] 41Isaiah said these things when he saw the Lord's glory and spoke about him. 42Nevertheless, many even among the rulers believed in him, but because of the Pharisees they would not confess it, so that they would not be put out of the synagogue. 43For they loved the glory that comes from men more than the glory that comes from God. 44Then Jesus cried out and said, “Whoever believes in me, believes not in me but in him who sent me. 45And whoever sees me sees him who sent me. 46I have come into the world as light, so that no one who believes in me should remain in darkness. 47If anyone hears my words and does not believe, I do not judge him0x3B for I did not come to judge the world, but to save the world. 48He who rejects me and does not receive my words has a judge0x3B the word I have spoken will judge him on the last day. 49For I have not spoken on my own authority, but the Father who sent me gave me a commandment as to what I should say and what I should speak. 50And I know that his commandment leads to eternal life. What I speak, therefore, I speak just as the Father has told me.”
Section 131

Withered fig tree and the lesson on faith

Bethany, near Jerusalem → Jerusalem

Matthew 21:19b-22Mark 11:19-26
19And when evening came, he went out of the city.
19bThen he said to it, “May there never be any fruit from you again.” And at once the fig tree withered. 20When the disciples saw it, they were amazed, saying, “How did the fig tree wither all at once?” 21Jesus answered them, “Truly I say to you, if you have faith and do not doubt, not only will you do what has been done to the fig tree, but even if you say to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and thrown into the sea,’ it will happen. 22And if you have faith, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer.” 20In the morning, as they went along, they saw that the fig tree had withered from its roots. 21Then Peter remembered what had happened and said to Jesus, “Rabbi, behold, the fig tree that you cursed has withered!” 22In response Jesus said to them, “Have faith in God. 23For truly I say to you, if anyone says to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and thrown into the sea,’ and does not doubt in his heart, but believes that what he says is going to happen, whatever he says will be granted to him. 24Therefore I tell you, whatever you ask for in prayer, believe that you are receiving it, and it will be yours. 25And whenever you stand praying, if you have anything against anyone, forgive him, so that your Father in heaven will also forgive you your trespasses. 26But if you do not forgive, neither will your Father in heaven forgive your trespasses.”
Section 132a

Questioning of Jesus' authority by the chief priests, teachers o the law, and elders

Jerusalem, in the temple

Matthew 21:23-27Mark 11:27-33Luke 20:1-8
23When he entered the temple courts, the chief priests and the elders of the people came up to him as he was teaching and said, “By what authority are you doing these things? And who gave you this authority?” 24Jesus answered them, “I will also ask you one question. If you tell me the answer, I will also tell you by what authority I am doing these things. 25aWhere did John's authority to baptize come from? From heaven or from men?” 27Again they came to Jerusalem, and as Jesus was walking in the temple courts, the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders came up to him 28and said to him, “By what authority are you doing these things? And who gave you this authority to do them?” 29Jesus answered them, “I will also ask you one question0x3B answer me, and I will tell you by what authority I am doing these things: 30Did John's authority to baptize come from heaven or from men? Answer me.” 1One day, as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courts and preaching the gospel, the priests and the scribes came with the elders 2and said to him, “Tell us, by what authority are you doing these things, or who is it that gave you this authority?” 3He answered them, “I will also ask you one question. Tell me: 4Did John's authority to baptize come from heaven or from men?”
25bSo they discussed it among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say to us, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’ 26But we are afraid of what the crowd might do if we say, ‘From men,’ for everyone regards John as a prophet.” 27So they answered Jesus, “We do not know.” Then he said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things. 31So they considered it among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’ 32But shall we say, ‘From men’?”—they were afraid of the people, for everyone thought that John was truly a prophet. 33So they answered Jesus, “We do not know.” In response Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.” 5So they discussed it among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why did you not believe him?’ 6But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are persuaded that John was a prophet.” 7So they answered that they did not know where it came from. 8Then Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”
Section 132b

Jesus' response with his own question and three parables

Jerusalem, in the temple

Matthew 21:28-22:14Mark 12:1-12Luke 20:9-19
28“But what do you think? A man had two sons. He went to his first son and said, ‘Son, go work today in my vineyard.’ 29His son answered, ‘I will not,’ but afterward he changed his mind and went. 30Then the man went to his second son and said the same thing. His second son answered, ‘I will go, sir,’ but he did not go. 31Which of the two did the will of his father?” They said to him, “The first.” Jesus said to them, “Truly I say to you, tax collectors and prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you. 32For John came to you in the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but tax collectors and prostitutes believed him. Yet even after you saw it, you did not change your minds and believe him.
33“Listen to another parable: There was a master of a house who planted a vineyard, put a fence around it, dug a winepress in it, built a tower, leased it to farmers, and left the country. 34When the season for fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the farmers to receive his fruit. 35But the farmers took his servants0x3B they beat one, killed another, and stoned yet another. 36Again he sent other servants, more than the first. But the farmers treated them in the same way. 1Then Jesus began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard, put a fence around it, dug a pit for the winepress, built a tower, leased it to farmers, and left the country. 2At harvest time he sent a servant to the farmers to receive from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. 3But they took him, beat him, and sent him away empty-handed. 4Again he sent to them another servant, and they threw stones at him, struck him on the head, and sent him away after dishonoring him. 5Again he sent another, and that one they killed. He also sent many others, some of whom they beat, and some of whom they killed. 9Then he began to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, leased it to farmers, and left the country for a long time. 10At harvest time he sent a servant to the farmers so that they would give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the farmers beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11So he proceeded to send another servant, but they beat him also, treated him shamefully, and sent him away empty-handed. 12Then he proceeded to send a third, but they wounded him as well and threw him out.
37Last of all, he sent them his son, saying, ‘They will have respect for my son.’ 38But when the farmers saw the son, they said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him and take possession of his inheritance.’ 39So they took him, threw him out of the vineyard, and killed him. 40Now when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those farmers?” 41They said to him, “He will bring those wretches to a wretched end and lease the vineyard to other farmers who will give him the fruits in their seasons.” 6Now he still had his one beloved son. He sent him to them as well, last of all, saying, ‘They will have respect for my son.’ 7But the farmers said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 8So they took him, killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard. 9What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy those farmers and give the vineyard to others. 13So the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What should I do? I will send my beloved son0x3B perhaps when they see him they will have respect for him.’ 14But when they saw him, the farmers discussed it among themselves, saying, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him so that the inheritance will be ours.’ 15So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16He will come and destroy those farmers and give the vineyard to others.” When the people heard this, they said, “Certainly not!”
42Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures,‘The stone that the builders rejectedhas become the cornerstone0x3Bthis was the Lord's doing,and it is amazing in our eyes’?[*] 43Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit. 44He who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.” 45When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard Jesus' parables, they knew he was speaking about them. 10Have you not read this Scripture:‘The stone that the builders rejectedhas become the cornerstone0x3B 11this was the Lord's doing,and it is amazing in our eyes’?”[*] 17But Jesus looked at them and said, “What then is the meaning of this Scripture:‘The stone that the builders rejectedhas become the cornerstone’?[*] 18Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, but anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.”
46Although they were looking for a way to arrest him, they were afraid of the crowds, because the people regarded him as a prophet. 1Once again Jesus spoke to them in parables, saying, 2“The kingdom of heaven can be compared to a king who prepared a wedding feast for his son. 3He sent his servants to call those who had been invited to the wedding feast, but they would not come. 4Again he sent other servants, saying, ‘Tell those who are invited, “Behold, I have prepared my dinner, my oxen and the fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding feast.” ’ 5But they paid no attention and went away, one to his own field and another to his business. 6The rest seized his servants, mistreated them, and killed them. 7When the king heard about it, he was furious. So he sent his armies, who destroyed those murderers and burned down their city. 8Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding feast is ready, but those who were invited were not worthy. 9Go therefore to where the roads exit the city and invite to the wedding feast anyone you find.’ 10So the servants went out to the roads and gathered together all whom they found, both evil and good, and the wedding feast was filled with guests. 11“But when the king came in to see the guests, he saw a man there who was not clothed with a wedding garment. 12So he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you come in here without a wedding garment?’ But the man was speechless. 13Then the king said to the servants, ‘Bind his feet and hands, take him away, and throw him into the outer darkness. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’ 14For many are called, but few are chosen.” 12Then the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders were looking for a way to arrest Jesus because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd, so they left him and went away. 19Then the chief priests and the scribes wanted to arrest him at that very hour, for they knew he had spoken this parable against them, but they were afraid.
Section 133

Attempts by Pharisees and Herodians to trap Jesus with a question about paying taxes to Caesar

Perhaps Jerusalem, in the temple

Matthew 22:15-22Mark 12:13-17Luke 20:20-26
15Then the Pharisees went and took counsel as to how they might ensnare Jesus in what he said. 16They sent their disciples to him, along with the Herodians, saying, “Teacher, we know that you are true and teach the way of God in truth and defer to no one, for you do not show partiality. 17Tell us then, what do you think? Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar or not?” 18But Jesus knew their evil intent and said, “Why are you testing me, you hypocrites? 19Show me the coin for the tax.” So they brought him a denarius. 20Then he said to them, “Whose image and inscription is this?” 21They said to him, “Caesar's.” So he said to them, “Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's.” 22When they heard this, they were amazed. So they left him and went away. 13Later they sent to him some of the Pharisees and the Herodians, to trap him in his speech. 14They came and said to him, “Teacher, we know that you are true and defer to no one, for you do not show partiality but teach the way of God in truth. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not? 15Should we give, or should we not give?” But knowing their hypocrisy, Jesus said to them, “Why are you testing me? Bring me a denarius and let me look at it.” 16So they brought one. Then he said to them, “Whose image and inscription is this?” They said to him, “Caesar's.” 17In response Jesus said to them, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's.” And they were amazed at him. 20So they watched him and sent spies who pretended to be sincere in order to catch him in something he said, so that they could deliver him up to the jurisdiction and authority of the governor. 21The spies asked him, “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach correctly, and that you do not show partiality but teach the way of God in truth. 22Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?” 23But perceiving their craftiness, Jesus said to them, “Why are you testing me? 24Show me a denarius. Whose image and inscription does it have?” They answered, “Caesar's.” 25He said to them, “Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's.” 26So they were not able to catch him in what he said in the presence of the people. And being amazed at his answer, they fell silent.
Section 134

Sadducees' puzzling question about the resurrection

Perhaps Jerusalem, in the temple

Matthew 22:23-33Mark 12:18-27Luke 20:27-40
23On that day some Sadducees (who say there is no resurrection) came to Jesus and asked him, 24“Teacher, Moses said, ‘If a man dies without having children, his brother must marry the widow and raise up offspring for him.’ [*] 25Now there were seven brothers among us. The first married and died, and having no offspring, he left his wife to his brother. 26The same thing happened to the second and to the third, down to the seventh. 27Last of all, the woman also died. 28In the resurrection, therefore, which of the seven will she be the wife of? For they all had her.” 18Then some Sadducees (who say there is no resurrection) came to Jesus and asked him, 19“Teacher, Moses wrote for us: ‘If a man's brother dies, leaving a wife but no children, that man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.’ [*] 20Now there were seven brothers. The first married a woman and died, leaving no offspring. 21The second married her and died, and he also left no offspring0x3B the third did likewise. 22In fact, the seven all married her and left no offspring. Last of all, the woman also died. 23In the resurrection, when they rise again, which of them will she be the wife of? For the seven all had her as a wife.” 27Now some of the Sadducees, who deny that there is a resurrection, came up and asked Jesus, 28“Teacher, Moses wrote for us: ‘If a man's brother dies, leaving a wife but no children, that man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.’ [*] 29Now there were seven brothers. The first married a woman and died childless. 30The second married the widow, and he also died childless. 31Likewise, the third also married her. In the same way all seven died, leaving no children. 32Last of all, the woman also died. 33In the resurrection, therefore, which of them will she be the wife of? For the seven all had her as a wife.”
29Jesus answered them, “You are in error because you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God. 24Jesus answered them, “Is this not why you are in error, because you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God?
30For in the resurrection people neither marry nor are they given in marriage. Instead, they are like angels of God in heaven. 25For when people rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are they given in marriage. Instead, they are like the angels in heaven. 34Jesus answered them, “The people of this age marry and are given in marriage, 35but those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are they given in marriage. 36Indeed they can no longer die, for they are like angels. They are sons of God, since they are sons of the resurrection.
31But as for the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what God said to you: 32‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? He is not the God of the dead, but of the living.” [*] 33And when the crowds heard this, they were astonished at his teaching. 26But as for the dead being raised, have you not read in the Book of Moses, in the passage about the burning bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? [*] 27He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living. You have therefore made a serious error.” 37But even Moses indicated that the dead are raised, when he said in the passage about the burning bush, ‘The Lord, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ [*] 38He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to him all are alive.” 39Then some of the scribes responded, “Teacher, you have spoken well.” 40And they no longer dared to ask him anything.
Section 135

A Pharisee's legal question

Perhaps Jerusalem, in the temple

Matthew 22:34-40Mark 12:28-34
34Now when the Pharisees heard that Jesus had silenced the Sadducees, they gathered together. 35And one of them, a lawyer, asked Jesus a question to test him: 36“Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the law?” 37Jesus said to him, “ ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ [*] 38This is the most important and greatest commandment. 39And a second is like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ [*] 40All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.” 28Now one of the scribes came up and heard them debating, and when he realized that Jesus had answered them well, he asked him, “Which is the most important commandment of all?” 29Jesus answered him, “The most important of all the commandments is this: ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. 30And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the most important commandment. [*] 31And a second like it is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.” [*] 32Then the scribe said to him, “You are right, Teacher. In truth you have said that God is one, and that there is no other besides him, 33and that to love him with all your heart, with all your understanding, with all your soul, and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself is greater than every whole burnt offering and sacrifice.” [*] 34When Jesus saw that the man had answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And no one dared to ask him questions anymore.
Section 136

Christ's relationship to David as son and Lord

Jerusalem, in the temple

Matthew 22:41-46Mark 12:35-37Luke 20:41-44
41While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them, 42“What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” They said to him, “David's.” 35As Jesus taught in the temple courts, he said, “How can the scribes say that the Christ is the Son of David?
43He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him ‘Lord,’ saying, 44‘The Lord said to my Lord,“Sit at my right handuntil I make your enemies a footstool for your feet” ’?[*] 45If David calls him ‘Lord,’ how is he his son?” 46No one was able to say anything in reply, nor did anyone dare to ask him questions anymore from that day forward. 36For David himself said in the Holy Spirit,‘The Lord said to my Lord,“Sit at my right handuntil I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” ’[*] 37David himself calls him ‘Lord,’ so how is he his son?” And the large crowd was listening to him gladly. 41Then Jesus said to them, “How can it be said that the Christ is the Son of David? 42Even David himself says in the Book of Psalms,‘The Lord said to my Lord,“Sit at my right hand 43until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” ’[*] 44David calls him ‘Lord,’ so how is he his son?”
Section 137a

Seven woes against the teachers of the law and Pharisees

Jerusalem, in the temple

Matthew 23:1-36Mark 12:38-40Luke 20:45-47
1Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples, 2“The scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses' seat. 3Therefore observe and do all that they tell you to observe. But do not do what they do, for they say things and do not do them. 4They bind burdens that are heavy and hard to bear and lay them on people's shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them. 5They do all their works to be seen by others. They make their phylacteries wide and the fringes of their garments long. 6They love the place of honor at banquets, the best seats in the synagogues, 7greetings in the marketplaces, and when others call them ‘Rabbi, Rabbi.’ 8But you are not to be called ‘Rabbi,’ for there is one who is your instructor, the Christ, and you are all brothers. 9And do not call anyone on earth your father, for there is one who is your Father, he who is in heaven. 10Neither are you to be called instructors, for there is one who is your instructor, the Christ. 11But he who is greater among you must be your servant. 12For whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted. 13“But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you devour widows' houses and for a pretense make long prayers. Therefore you will receive a more severe judgment. 14“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you shut the kingdom of heaven in people's faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor do you let in those who are trying to enter. 15“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you cross sea and land to make a single convert, and when he has become one, you make him twice as much a son of hell as yourselves. 16“Woe to you, blind guides, who say, ‘If anyone swears by the temple, it is nothing0x3B but if anyone swears by the gold of the temple, he is bound by his oath.’ 17You fools and blind men! Which is greater, the gold or the temple that makes the gold sacred? 18You also say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar, it is nothing0x3B but if anyone swears by the gift on the altar, he is bound by his oath.’ 19You fools and blind men! Which is greater, the gift or the altar that makes the gift sacred? 20Therefore, whoever swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it. 21And whoever swears by the temple swears by it and by him who dwells in it. 22And whoever swears by heaven swears by the throne of God and by him who sits upon it. 23“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, yet you have neglected the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faith. These you ought to have done without neglecting the others. 24You blind guides, who strain out a gnat but swallow a camel! 25“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you cleanse the outside of the cup and the dish, but inside they are full of plunder and unrighteousness. 26You blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and the dish, and then the outside of them will also be clean. 27“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs, which appear beautiful on the outside, but inside they are full of the bones of the dead and all uncleanness. 28In the same way, you also appear righteous to others on the outside, but inside you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness. 29“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs of the prophets and adorn the graves of the righteous, 30and you say, ‘If we had been alive in the days of our fathers, we would not have been participants with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ 31Therefore you bear witness against yourselves that you are the sons of those who murdered the prophets. 32Fill up, then, the measure of your fathers. 33You serpents, you brood of vipers! How will you escape being sentenced to hell? 34Therefore, behold, I am sending you prophets, sages, and scribes. Some of them you will kill and crucify, and some of them you will flog in your synagogues and persecute from town to town. 35As a result, all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth will come upon you, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Barachiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. 36Truly I say to you, all these things will come upon this generation. 38Jesus also said to them in his teaching, “Beware of the scribes, who like to walk around in long robes, and to receive greetings in the marketplaces, 39and to have the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets, 40who devour widows' houses and for a pretense make long prayers. They will receive a more severe judgment.” 45As all the people were listening, Jesus said to his disciples, 46“Beware of the scribes. They like to walk around in long robes, and they love to be greeted in the marketplaces and to have the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets. 47They devour widows' houses and for a pretense make long prayers. They will receive a more severe judgment.”
Section 137b

Jesus' sorrow over Jerusalem

Jerusalem, in the temple

Matthew 23:37-39
37“O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to you! How often I have wanted to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were not willing! 38Behold, your house is left to you desolate. 39For I tell you, from now on you will certainly not see me until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.’ ”[*]
Section 138

A poor widow's gift of all she had

Jerusalem, in the temple

Mark 12:41-44Luke 21:1-4
41Later Jesus sat down across from the treasury and watched how the crowd was putting money into the treasury. Many rich people put in large amounts. 42Then a poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, which are worth a penny. 1Then Jesus looked up and saw the rich putting their gifts into the treasury. 2He also saw a poor widow there putting in two small copper coins.
43So Jesus called his disciples over and said to them, “Truly I say to you, this poor widow has put more money into the treasury than all the others. 44For they have all put in money out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, has put in all that she had, her entire livelihood.” 3So he said, “Truly I say to you, this poor widow has put in more than all the others. 4For they have all put in gifts for God out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, has put in all that she had to live on.”
Section 139a

The olivet Discourse - Setting of the discourse

Jerusalem, in the temple → The Mount of Olives

Matthew 24:1-3Mark 13:1-4Luke 21:5-7
1As Jesus came out from the temple courts and was walking away, his disciples came to him to show him the buildings of the temple. 2But Jesus said to them, “You see all these things, do you not? Truly I say to you, there will certainly not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.” 3Later, as Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately and said, “Tell us, when will these things happen? And what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” 1As Jesus was coming out from the temple courts, one of his disciples said to him, “Teacher, look! What wonderful stones and what wonderful buildings!” 2Jesus answered him, “Do you see these great buildings? There will certainly not be left one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.” 3Later, as Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, across from the temple, Peter, James, John, and Andrew asked him privately, 4“Tell us, when will these things happen? And what will be the sign when all these things are about to be fulfilled?” 5Then, as some were talking about how the temple was adorned with beautiful stones and gifts consecrated to God, Jesus said, 6“As for these things that you see, the days will come in which there will not be left one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.” 7So they asked him, “Teacher, when will these things happen? And what will be the sign when these things are about to take place?”
Section 139b

The olivet Discourse - Beginning of birth pains

The Mount of Olives

Matthew 24:4-14Mark 13:5-13Luke 21:8-19
4Jesus answered them, “See that no one leads you astray. 5For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am the Christ,’ and they will lead many astray. 6You will hear of wars and rumors of wars. See that you are not alarmed, for all these things must take place, but the end is not yet. 7For nation will rise up against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines, plagues, and earthquakes in various places. 8But all these things are the beginning of the labor pains. 5Jesus began to say to them in response, “See that no one leads you astray. 6For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’ and will lead many astray. 7When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed, for these things must take place, but the end is not yet. 8For nation will rise up against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, along with famines and riots. These are the beginning of the labor pains. 8He said, “See that you are not led astray. For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’ and, ‘The time has drawn near.’ Do not go after them. 9When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be terrified, for these things must first take place, but the end will not immediately follow.” 10Then he said to them, “Nation will rise up against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 11There will be great earthquakes in various places, along with famines and plagues. There will also be terrifying sights and great signs from heaven.
9“Then they will deliver you up to tribulation and kill you, and you will be hated by all nations because of my name. 10Many will fall away and will betray one another and hate one another. 9“You must watch out for yourselves, for they will deliver you up to councils, and you will be beaten in synagogues. For my sake you will even be set before governors and kings as witnesses to them. 12But before all these things take place, they will arrest you and persecute you. They will deliver you up to synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors for my name's sake. 13This will lead to opportunities for you to bear witness.
10And the gospel must first be proclaimed to all nations. 11When they lead you away and hand you over, do not be anxious beforehand about what you should say. Do not give it much thought, but say whatever is given to you in that hour, for it will not be you speaking, but the Holy Spirit. 12Brother will deliver up brother to death, and a father his child, and children will rise up against their parents and have them put to death. 13aYou will be hated by all because of my name, 14Therefore settle it in your hearts not to prepare your defense in advance. 15For I will give you a mouth to speak and wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to refute or resist. 16You will even be betrayed by parents, relatives, friends, and brothers, and they will have some of you put to death. 17You will be hated by all because of my name. 18Yet not a hair of your head will by any means perish. 19You must gain your lives by your patient endurance.
11Many false prophets will rise up and lead many astray. 12Because lawlessness will be increased, the love of many will grow cold,
13but he who endures to the end will be saved. 14And this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come. 13bbut he who endures to the end will be saved.
Section 139c

The olivet Discourse - Abomination of desolation and subsequent distress

The Mount of Olives

Matthew 24:15-28Mark 13:14-23Luke 21:20-24
15“So when you see the abomination of desolation, which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place” (let the reader understand), [*] 14“When you see the abomination of desolation, which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it should not be” (let the reader understand), “then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains. [*]
16“then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains. 17He who is on the housetop must not come down to get anything out of his house. 18And he who is in the field must not turn back to get his garments. 15He who is on the housetop must not come down into his house or go inside to get anything out of his house. 16And he who is in the field must not turn back to get his cloak. 20“When you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, know that its desolation is near. 21Then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains, those who are in the city must get out, and those who are in the countryside must not enter the city. 22For those will be days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written.
19Woe to those who are with child and to those who are nursing infants in those days! 20Pray that your flight will not happen in winter or on a Sabbath. 21For at that time there will be a great tribulation unlike any other from the beginning of the world until now, and it will never be equaled again. 22If those days had not been cut short, no flesh would be saved. But for the sake of the chosen those days will be cut short. 17Woe to those who are with child and to those who are nursing infants in those days! 18Pray that your flight will not happen in winter. 19For those days will be a time of tribulation unlike any other from the beginning of God's creation until now, and it will never be equaled again. 20If the Lord had not cut those days short, no flesh would be saved. But for the sake of the chosen, whom he has selected, he has cut those days short. 23aWoe to those who are with child and to those who are nursing infants in those days!
23bFor there will be great distress in the land and wrath against this people. 24They will fall by the edge of the sword and be led captive into all the nations, and Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.
23If anyone says to you at that time, ‘Behold, here is the Christ!’ or, ‘Here he is!’ do not believe him. 24For false christs and false prophets will rise up and perform great signs and wonders so as to lead astray, if possible, even the chosen. 25Behold, I have told you in advance. 26So if they say to you, ‘Behold, he is in the wilderness,’ do not go out, or, ‘Behold, he is in the inner rooms,’ do not believe it. 27For just as lightning comes from the east and shines to the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. 28For where the carcass is, there the vultures will be gathered together. 21If anyone says to you at that time, ‘Behold, here is the Christ!’ or, ‘Behold, there he is!’ do not believe him. 22For false christs and false prophets will rise up and perform signs and wonders to lead astray, if possible, even the chosen. 23So you must watch out! Behold, I have told you everything in advance.
Section 139d

The olivet Discourse - Coming of the Son of Man

The Mount of Olives

Matthew 24:29-31Mark 13:24-27Luke 21:25-27
29“But immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light. The stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. [*] 24“But in those days, after that time of tribulation, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light. 25The stars of heaven will be falling, and the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken. [*] 25“There will be signs in the sun, moon, and stars, and on the earth there will be distress among the nations as they are perplexed by the roaring sea and the surging waves. 26People will faint from fear and foreboding of what is coming upon the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
30Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the heavens, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn when they see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. [*] 31And he will send his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather together his chosen from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other.[*] 26Then people will see the Son of Man coming in the clouds with great power and glory. [*] 27And he will send his angels and gather together his chosen from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven. 27Then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory. [*]
Section 139e

The olivet Discourse - Signs of nearness but unknown time

The Mount of Olives

Matthew 24:32-41Mark 13:28-32Luke 21:28-33
28So when these things begin to take place, stand tall and lift up your heads, for your redemption is near.”
32“Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its branches become tender and put out leaves, you know that summer is near. 33So also, when you see all these things, know that he is near, at the very gates. 34Truly I say to you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have taken place. 35Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will certainly not pass away. 28“Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its branches become tender and put out leaves, you know that summer is near. 29So also, when you see these things taking place, know that he is near, at the very gates. 30Truly I say to you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have taken place. 31Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will certainly not pass away. 29Then he told them a parable: “Consider the fig tree and all the other trees. 30As soon as they sprout leaves, you can see for yourselves and know that summer is near. 31So also, when you see these things taking place, know that the kingdom of God is near. 32Truly I say to you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all things have taken place. 33Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will certainly not pass away.
36“No one knows about that day and hour, not even the angels of heaven, but only my Father. 37As were the days of Noah, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. 38For in the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah went into the ark. [*] 39They knew nothing about what would happen until the flood came and took them all away. So will it be at the coming of the Son of Man. 40Two men will be in the field0x3B one will be taken and one will be left. 41Two women will be grinding grain at the mill0x3B one will be taken and one will be left. 32“No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven or the Son, but only the Father.
Section 139f

The olivet Discourse - Five darables to teach watchfulness an faithfulness

The Mount of Olives

Matthew 24:42-25:30Mark 13:33-37Luke 21:34-36
33Be on guard0x3B stay alert and pray! For you do not know when the time is coming. 34It is like a man away on a journey: When he leaves his house and gives authority to his servants, assigning to each one his task, he also commands the doorkeeper to keep watch. 34“Watch yourselves, lest your hearts be weighed down with carousing, drunkenness, and the cares of this life, and that day come upon you suddenly. 35For it will come like a trap upon all who dwell on the face of the whole earth.
42Therefore keep watch, for you do not know in what hour your Lord is coming. 35Therefore keep watch, for you do not know when the master of the house is coming—in the evening, at midnight, when the rooster crows, or in the morning. 36Otherwise, he may come suddenly and find you sleeping. 37What I say to you, I say to everyone: Keep watch!” 36Therefore stay alert at all times, praying that you may be considered worthy to escape everything that will take place, and to stand before the Son of Man.”
43But know this: If the master of the house had known at what time of night the thief was coming, he would have kept watch and not allowed his house to be broken into. 44Therefore you also must be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour when you do not expect him. 45“Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom his master has set over his household, to give them their food at the proper time? 46Blessed is that servant whom his master finds so doing when he comes. 47Truly I say to you, he will set him over all his possessions. 48But if that evil servant says in his heart, ‘My master is delayed in coming,’ 49and begins to beat his fellow servants and to eat and drink with the drunkards, 50the master of that servant will come on a day when he does not expect him and at an hour he does not foresee, 51and will cut him in two and assign his portion to be with the hypocrites. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 1“At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. 2Five of them were wise, and five were foolish. 3When those who were foolish took their lamps, they did not take oil with them, 4but the wise took oil in their flasks along with their lamps. 5When the bridegroom was delayed, they all became drowsy and slept. 6But in the middle of the night there was a shout: ‘Behold, the bridegroom is coming! Come out to meet him.’ 7Then all the virgins rose and trimmed their lamps. 8And the foolish ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil, for our lamps are going out.’ 9But the wise replied, ‘No, there will not be enough for us and for you. Instead, go to those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’ 10But while they were on their way to buy it, the bridegroom came, and those who were ready went in with him to the wedding feast. Then the door was shut. 11Afterward the other virgins also came, saying, ‘Lord, Lord, open the door for us.’ 12But he answered, ‘Truly I say to you, I do not know you.’ 13Therefore keep watch, for you do not know the day or the hour in which the Son of Man is coming. 14“For it is just like a man about to go on a journey, who called his servants and entrusted his possessions to them. 15To one he gave five talents, to another two talents, and to another one talent, to each according to his ability. And he immediately went on his journey. 16The man who had received the five talents went and traded with them, and made five more talents. 17In the same way, the man who had received the two talents also earned two more. 18But the man who had received the one talent went and dug a hole in the ground and hid his master's money. 19“After a long time the master of those servants came and settled accounts with them. 20The man who had received the five talents came to him and brought the other five talents, saying, ‘Master, you entrusted me with five talents0x3B behold, I have earned five more talents besides them.’ 21His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful over a few things0x3B I will set you over many things. Enter into the joy of your master.’ 22The man who had received the two talents also came to him and said, ‘Master, you entrusted me with two talents0x3B behold, I have earned two more talents besides them.’ 23His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful over a few things0x3B I will set you over many things. Enter into the joy of your master.’ 24Then the man who had received the one talent came to him and said, ‘Master, I knew that you were a hard man, reaping where you did not sow and gathering where you scattered no seed. 25So I was afraid and went and hid your talent in the ground. Behold, you have what is yours.’ 26But his master answered him, ‘You evil and lazy servant! You knew, did you, that I reap where I did not sow and gather where I scattered no seed? 27Then you should have deposited my money with the bankers, and when I came I would have received what is mine with interest. 28Therefore take the talent from him and give it to the one who has ten talents. 29For everyone who has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. But the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. 30And throw that worthless servant into the outer darkness. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’
Section 139g

The olivet Discourse - Judgment at the Son of Man's coming

The Mount of Olives

Matthew 25:31-46
31“When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, he will sit down on his throne of glory. 32All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate them from one another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33He will set the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. 34Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. 35For I was hungry, and you gave me something to eat0x3B I was thirsty, and you gave me something to drink0x3B I was a stranger, and you took me in0x3B 36I was naked, and you clothed me0x3B I was sick, and you looked after me0x3B I was in prison, and you came to visit me.’ 37Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? 38When did we see you as a stranger and take you in, or naked and clothe you? 39When did we see you sick or in prison and come to visit you?’ 40The King will answer them, ‘Truly I say to you, inasmuch as you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me.’ 41“Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are accursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. 42For I was hungry, and you did not give me anything to eat0x3B I was thirsty, and you did not give me anything to drink0x3B 43I was a stranger, and you did not take me in0x3B I was naked, and you did not clothe me0x3B I was sick and in prison, and you did not look after me.’ 44Then they too will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or as a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and not take care of you?’ 45He will answer them, ‘Truly I say to you, inasmuch as you did not do it to one of the least of these, neither did you do it to me.’ 46And these will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”
Section 139h

Jesus' daily routine during Passion Week

Jerusalem, in the temple & The Mount of Olives

Luke 21:37-38
37Each day Jesus taught in the temple courts, but at night he would go out and stay at the mount called Olivet. 38And all the people would come to him early in the morning to listen to him in the temple courts.
Section 140

Plot by the Sanhedrin to arrest and kill Jesus

The Mount of Olives & Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas

Matthew 26:1-5Mark 14:1-2Luke 22:1-2
1When Jesus had finished saying all these things, he said to his disciples, 2“You know that after two days the Passover is coming, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified.” 3Then the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders of the people were gathered together in the courtyard of the high priest, whose name was Caiaphas, 4and they plotted together to arrest Jesus by stealth and kill him. 5But they said, “Not during the feast, lest there be a riot among the people.” 1Now the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread were two days away, and the chief priests and the scribes were looking for a way to arrest Jesus by stealth and kill him. 2But they said, “Not during the feast, otherwise there will be a riot among the people.” 1Now the Feast of Unleavened Bread was drawing near, which is called Passover, 2and the chief priests and the scribes were looking for a way to get rid of Jesus quietly, for they were afraid of the people.
Section 141

Mary's anointing of Jesus for burial

Bethany, in the home of Simon the Leper

Matthew 26:6-13Mark 14:3-9John 12:2-8
6Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, 7a woman came to him with an alabaster jar of very expensive ointment, and she poured it out on his head as he reclined at the table. 3Meanwhile Jesus was in Bethany, reclining at the table in the house of Simon the leper, and a woman came with an alabaster jar of very expensive ointment made of pure nard. She broke the alabaster jar and poured out the ointment on his head. 2They prepared a supper for Jesus there. Martha was serving, and Lazarus was one of the people reclining at the table with him. 3Then Mary took a pound of expensive ointment made of pure nard, anointed Jesus' feet, and wiped his feet with her hair. The house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment.
8When his disciples saw it, they were indignant and said, “For what purpose is this waste? 9This ointment could have been sold for a large sum, and the money could have been given to the poor.” 4But some were expressing indignation to one another, saying, “For what purpose has this ointment been wasted? 5It could have been sold for more than three hundred denarii, and the money could have been given to the poor.” So they began scolding her. 4Then one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, who was about to betray him, said, 5“Why was this ointment not sold for three hundred denarii and the money given to the poor?” 6(He said this not because he cared about the poor, but because he was a thief0x3B he was the keeper of the moneybag and would pilfer what was put into it.)
10Aware of this, Jesus said to them, “Why are you causing trouble for this woman? For she has done a good deed to me. 11You always have the poor with you, but you do not always have me. 12She has put this ointment on my body to prepare me for burial. 13Truly I say to you, wherever this gospel is preached in the whole world, what this woman has done will also be spoken of as a memorial to her.” 6But Jesus said, “Leave her alone. Why are you causing trouble for her? She has done a good deed to me. 7For you always have the poor with you, and you can do good to them whenever you wish, but you do not always have me. 8She has done what she could0x3B she has anointed my body beforehand to prepare me for burial. 9Truly I say to you, wherever this gospel is preached in the whole world, what this woman has done will also be spoken of as a memorial to her.” 7So Jesus said, “Leave her alone0x3B she has kept this ointment for the day of my burial. 8For you always have the poor with you, but you do not always have me.”
Section 142

Judas' agreement to betray Jesus

Jerusalem

Matthew 26:14-16Mark 14:10-11Luke 22:3-6
14Then one of the twelve, the one called Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests 15and said, “What are you willing to give me if I deliver him up to you?” So they set out for him thirty pieces of silver. 16And from then on he was looking for an opportunity to betray Jesus. 10Then Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went to the chief priests to deliver Jesus up to them. 11When they heard why he had come, they were glad and promised to give him money. So he was looking for a way to betray Jesus at an opportune time. 3Then Satan entered into Judas, the one called Iscariot, who was numbered among the twelve. 4He went away and discussed with the chief priests and officers how he might deliver Jesus up to them. 5They were glad and agreed to give him money. 6So he accepted the offer and began looking for an opportunity to deliver Jesus up to them in the absence of a crowd.
Section 143

Preparation for the Passover meal

Jerusalem

Matthew 26:17-19Mark 14:12-16Luke 22:7-13
17On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the disciples came to Jesus and said to him, “Where do you want us to make preparations for you to eat the Passover?” 12On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover lamb is sacrificed, Jesus' disciples said to him, “Where do you want us to go and make preparations for you to eat the Passover?” 7Then came the day for the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed.
18He said, “Go into the city to a certain man and say to him, ‘The Teacher says, “My time is near. I am going to keep the Passover with you, along with my disciples.” ’ ” 13So he sent two of his disciples and said to them, “Go into the city, and a man carrying a jug of water will meet you. Follow him. 14Wherever he enters, tell the master of the house, ‘The Teacher asks, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?” ’ 15He will then show you a large upper room, furnished and prepared0x3B make preparations for us there.” 8Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go prepare the Passover for us, so that we may eat it.” 9They said to him, “Where do you want us to prepare it?” 10He said to them, “Behold, when you enter the city, a man carrying a jug of water will meet you. Follow him into the house he enters 11and say to the master of the house, ‘The Teacher asks you, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?” ’ 12He will then show you a large upper room that is furnished0x3B prepare it there.”
19So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the Passover. 16So his disciples left, went into the city, and found it just as Jesus had told them, and they prepared the Passover. 13So they went and found it just as Jesus had told them, and they prepared the Passover.
Section 144

Beginning of the Passover meal and dissension among the disciples over greatness

Jerusalem, in the upper room

Matthew 26:20Mark 14:17Luke 22:14-16
20When evening came, Jesus was reclining at the table with the twelve. 17When it was evening, Jesus came with the twelve. 14When the hour came, Jesus reclined at the table, and the twelve apostles were with him. 15He said to them, “I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 16For I tell you that I will certainly not eat it again until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.”
Section 145

Washing the disciples' feet

Jerusalem, in the upper room

John 13:1-20
1Now before the feast of the Passover, Jesus knew that his hour had come to depart from this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end. 2By the time supper ended, the devil had put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to betray Jesus. 3Jesus knew that the Father had put all things into his hands, and that he had come from God and was going back to God, 4so he rose from supper, laid aside his outer garments, took a towel, and wrapped it around his waist. 5After that, he put water into the washbasin and began to wash his disciples' feet and to wipe them with the towel that was wrapped around his waist. 6When he came to Simon Peter, Peter said to him, “Lord, are you going to wash my feet?” 7Jesus answered him, “What I am doing you do not now understand, but afterward you will understand.” 8Peter said to him, “You shall never wash my feet.” Jesus answered him, “If I do not wash you, you have no part with me.” 9Simon Peter said to him, “Lord, then wash not only my feet, but also my hands and my head.” 10Jesus said to him, “He who has bathed has no need to wash, except for his feet, but is completely clean. And you are clean, but not all of you.” 11(For he knew who would betray him0x3B that is why he said, “You are not all clean.”) 12When Jesus had washed their feet and collected his garments, he reclined again at the table and said to them, “Do you know what I have done for you? 13You call me Teacher and Lord, and rightly so, for that is what I am. 14So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet. 15For I have given you an example so that you should do as I have done for you. 16Truly, truly, I say to you, a servant is not greater than his master, nor is a messenger greater than the one who sent him. 17If you know these things, you are blessed if you do them. 18I am not speaking about all of you0x3B I know those whom I have chosen for myself. But the Scripture must be fulfilled: ‘He who eats bread with me has lifted up his heel against me.’ [*] 19I am telling you now before it happens, so that when it does happen, you will believe that I am he. 20Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever receives the one I send receives me, and whoever receives me receives him who sent me.”
Section 146

Identification of the betrayer

Jerusalem, in the upper room

Matthew 26:21-25Mark 14:18-21Luke 22:21-30John 13:21-30
21As they were eating, he said, “Truly I say to you, one of you will betray me.” 18As they were reclining at the table and eating, Jesus said, “Truly I say to you, one of you who is eating with me will betray me.” 21But behold, the hand of the one who is going to betray me is with mine on the table. 22The Son of Man indeed goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed.” 21After saying these things, Jesus was troubled in his spirit and declared, “Truly, truly, I say to you, one of you will betray me.”
22Greatly distressed, they began to say to him one after another, “Surely not I, Lord?” 23Jesus answered, “The one who has dipped his hand with me in the dish will betray me. 24The Son of Man indeed goes just as it is written of him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been better for that man if he had not been born.” 19So they began to be sorrowful and to say one after another, “Surely not I?” and, “Surely not I?” 20Jesus answered them, “It is one of the twelve, one who is dipping bread with me into the dish. 21The Son of Man indeed goes just as it is written of him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed. It would have been better for that man if he had not been born.” 23Then they began to discuss with one another which one of them it could be who would do this. 22So the disciples began looking at one another, perplexed as to whom he was speaking about.
23One of his disciples, the one whom Jesus loved, was reclining on Jesus' chest. 24So Simon Peter motioned to him to ask Jesus whom he was talking about. 25Leaning back on Jesus' chest, he said to him, “Lord, who is it?” 26Jesus answered, “It is the one to whom I give this morsel after I have dipped it.” Then he dipped the morsel and gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon.
25Then Judas, who betrayed him, replied, “Surely not I, Rabbi?” Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself.”
27After Judas took the morsel, Satan entered into him. Then Jesus said to him, “What you are about to do, do quickly.” 28(Now none of those reclining at the table knew why he said this to him. 29Some were thinking, since Judas had the moneybag, that Jesus was saying to him, “Buy what we need for the feast,” or that he should give something to the poor.) 30As soon as Judas took the morsel, he went out. And it was night.
24A dispute also arose among them as to which of them was considered to be greater. 25So Jesus said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them, and those who have authority over them are called benefactors. 26But it must not be so with you0x3B rather the greatest among you must become like the youngest, and the leader must become like one who serves. 27For who is greater? The one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines at the table? But I am among you as one who serves. 28“You have stayed with me in my trials. 29And I bestow on you a kingdom, just as my Father bestowed one on me, 30so that you may eat and drink at my table. And you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.”
Section 147

Prediction of Peter's denial

Jerusalem, in the upper room

Matthew 26:31-35Mark 14:27-31Luke 22:31-38John 13:31-38
31When Judas had gone out, Jesus said, “Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in him. 32If God is glorified in him, God will also glorify the Son in himself, and will glorify him immediately. 33Little children, I am with you for a little while longer. You will seek me, and just as I said to the Jews, now I say to you also, ‘Where I am going, you cannot come.’ 34I give you a new commandment, that you love one another. Just as I have loved you, so you must love one another. 35By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.” 36Simon Peter said to him, “Lord, where are you going?” Jesus answered him, “You cannot follow me now to the place where I am going, but afterward you will follow me.”
31Then Jesus said to them, “All of you will fall away because of me this night. For it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’ [*] 32But after I have been raised up, I will go ahead of you to Galilee.” 27Then Jesus said to them, “All of you will fall away because of me this night. For it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.’ [*] 28However, after I have been raised up, I will go ahead of you to Galilee.” 31Then the Lord said, “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded to have you, so that he might sift you like wheat. 32But I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail. Once you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”
33Peter answered him, “Even if everyone else falls away because of you, I will never fall away.” 34Jesus said to him, “Truly I say to you that on this night, before a rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” 35But Peter said to him, “Even if I must die with you, I will certainly not deny you.” And all the disciples said the same thing. 29But Peter said to him, “Even if everyone else falls away, I will not.” 30Jesus said to him, “Truly I say to you that today, on this night, before a rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.” 31But Peter said all the more vehemently, “Even if I must die with you, I will certainly not deny you.” And they all said the same thing. 33Peter said to him, “Lord, I am ready to go with you both to prison and to death.” 34Jesus said, “I tell you, Peter, a rooster will certainly not crow today before you have denied three times that you know me.” 37Peter said to him, “Lord, why can I not follow you now? I will lay down my life for you.” 38Jesus answered him, “You will lay down your life for me? Truly, truly, I say to you, a rooster will certainly not crow until you have denied me three times.”
35Then Jesus said to them, “When I sent you without a moneybag, knapsack, or sandals, did you lack anything?” They said, “Nothing.” 36Then he said to them, “But now he who has a moneybag must take it, and likewise a knapsack. And he who does not have a sword must sell his garment and buy one. 37For I tell you that this Scripture must still be fulfilled in me: ‘He was numbered with the lawless.’ For what is written about me is reaching its fulfillment.” [*] 38So they said, “Lord, behold, here are two swords.” He said to them, “That is enough!”
Section 148

Conclusion of the meal and the Lord's Supper instituted

Jerusalem, in the upper room

Matthew 26:26-29Mark 14:22-25Luke 22:17-201 Corinthians 11:23-26
17Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves. 18For I tell you, I will certainly not drink again from the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.”
26As they were eating, Jesus took the bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take and eat this bread0x3B this is my body.” 27Then he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you, 28for this is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many for the remission of sins. 29But I tell you, from this point forward I will certainly not drink again from this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it with you anew in the kingdom of my Father.” 22As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had blessed it, he broke it, gave it to them, and said, “Take and eat this bread0x3B this is my body.” 23Then he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, and they all drank of it. 24He said to them, “This is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many. 25Truly I say to you, I will certainly not drink again from the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God.” 19Then he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 20In the same way, he also took the cup after they had eaten supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you. 23For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread, 24and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, “Take and eat this bread0x3B this is my body, which is broken for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 25In the same way, he also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.” 26For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.
Section 149

Questions about his destination, the Father, and the Holy Spirit answered

Jerusalem, in the upper room

John 14:1-31
1“Let not your hearts be troubled. Believe in God0x3B believe also in me. 2In my Father's house there are many rooms. If it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. 3So when I go, it is to prepare a place for you. I will come again and receive you to myself, so that where I am you also may be. 4You know where I am going, and you know the way.” 5Thomas said to him, “Lord, we do not know where you are going, so how can we know the way?” 6Jesus said to him, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. 7If you had known me, you would have known my Father also. From now on you do know him and have seen him.” 8Philip said to him, “Lord, show us the Father, and that will be enough for us.” 9Jesus said to him, “Have I been with you for so long and still you do not know me, Philip? Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father, so how can you say, ‘Show us the Father’? 10Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me? The words that I speak to you I do not speak on my own authority, but the Father who abides in me does his works. 11Believe me that I am in the Father and the Father is in me0x3B but if not, believe me because of the works themselves. 12Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever believes in me will also do the works that I do. He will even do greater works than these, because I am going to my Father. 13Whatever you ask in my name, I will do so that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it. 15“If you love me, keep my commandments. 16And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper to abide with you forever— 17the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it does not see him or know him. But you know him, because he abides with you and will be in you. 18“I will not leave you as orphans0x3B I am coming back to you. 19Yet a little while and the world will see me no longer, but you will see me. Because I live, you also will live. 20On that day you will know that I am in my Father, and you are in me, and I am in you. 21Whoever has my commandments and keeps them is the one who loves me. He who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and manifest myself to him.” 22Judas (not Iscariot) said to him, “Lord, what has happened that you are about to manifest yourself to us and not to the world?” 23Jesus answered him, “If anyone loves me, he will keep my word. My Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him. 24Whoever does not love me does not keep my words. The word that you hear is not mine, but the Father's who sent me. 25“I have said these things to you while abiding with you. 26But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you everything and remind you of everything I have told you. 27Peace I leave with you0x3B my peace I give to you. Not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your hearts be troubled, neither let them be afraid. 28You heard me say to you, ‘I am going away and coming back to you.’ If you loved me, you would have rejoiced that I said, ‘I am going to the Father,’ because my Father is greater than I am. 29I have told you now before it happens, so that when it does happen, you may believe. 30I will not talk with you much longer, for the ruler of the world is coming, but he has no power over me. 31Rather, I do just as the Father has commanded me, so that the world may know that I love the Father. Rise, let us go from here.
Section 150a

The vine and the branches

Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives

John 15:1-17
1“I am the true vine, and my Father is the vinedresser. 2Every branch in me that does not bear fruit he takes away, and every branch that does bear fruit he prunes so that it may bear more fruit. 3You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you. 4Abide in me, and I will abide in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit by itself unless it abides in the vine, neither can you bear fruit unless you abide in me. 5I am the vine0x3B you are the branches. Whoever abides in me, and I in him, bears much fruit, because apart from me you can do nothing. 6If anyone does not abide in me, he is thrown out like a branch and withers. Such branches are gathered up, thrown into the fire, and burned. 7If you abide in me and my words abide in you, you will ask for whatever you wish, and it will be done for you. 8My Father is glorified by this, that you bear much fruit, and so you will be my disciples. 9Just as the Father has loved me, so have I loved you0x3B abide in my love. 10If you keep my commandments, you will abide in my love, just as I have kept my Father's commandments and abide in his love. 11I have spoken these things to you so that my joy may abide in you, and so that your joy may be full. 12“This is my commandment, that you love one another, just as I have loved you. 13No one has greater love than this, that he lay down his life for his friends. 14You are my friends if you do whatever I command you. 15No longer do I call you servants, because a servant does not know what his master is doing0x3B but I have called you friends, because I have made known to you everything I heard from my Father. 16You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should abide, so that whatever you ask of the Father in my name he will give you. 17I am giving you these commands so that you may love one another.
Section 150b

Opposition from the world

Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives

John 15:18-16:4
18“If the world hates you, know that it hated me before it hated you. 19If you were of the world, the world would love you as its own. However, because you are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, the world hates you. 20Remember what I told you: ‘A servant is not greater than his master.’ If they persecuted me, they will persecute you also. If they kept my word, they will keep yours also. 21But they will do all these things to you on account of my name, because they do not know him who sent me. 22If I had not come and spoken to them, they would have no sin, but now they have no excuse for their sin. 23Whoever hates me hates my Father also. 24If I had not done among them the works that no one else had done, they would have no sin, but now they have seen and hated both me and my Father. 25But this has happened to fulfill what is written in their law: ‘They hated me for no reason.’[*] 26“When the Helper comes, whom I will send you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, he will testify about me. 27You must also testify, because you have been with me from the beginning. 1“I have said these things to you so that you will not fall away. 2They will put you out of the synagogues0x3B indeed, an hour is coming when anyone who kills you will think that he is offering service to God. 3They will do these things because they have not known the Father or me. 4But I have said these things to you so that when the hour comes you will remember that I said them to you. I did not say these things to you from the beginning, because I was with you.
Section 150c

Coming and ministry of the Spirit

Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives

John 16:5-15
5“But now I am going to him who sent me, yet none of you asks me, ‘Where are you going?’ 6Rather, sorrow has filled your hearts because I have said these things to you. 7But I tell you the truth, it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you. But if I do go, I will send him to you. 8And when he comes, he will convict the world concerning sin, righteousness, and judgment: 9concerning sin, because they do not believe in me0x3B 10concerning righteousness, because I am going to my Father, and you will no longer see me0x3B 11and concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been condemned. 12“I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. 13When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you what is to come. 14He will glorify me, for he will receive from me what is mine and declare it to you. 15All that the Father has is mine. That is why I said that he will receive from me what is mine and declare it to you.
Section 150d

Predictmn of joy over his resurrection

Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives

John 16:16-22
16“In a little while you will not see me0x3B and again after a little while, you will see me, for I am going to the Father.” 17Then some of his disciples said to one another, “What does he mean by saying to us, ‘In a little while you are not going to see me0x3B and again after a little while, you will see me,’ and, ‘For I am going to the Father’?” 18So they kept saying, “What does he mean by saying, ‘A little while’? We do not know what he is talking about.” 19Jesus knew that they wanted to ask him about this, so he said to them, “Are you asking one another what I meant when I said, ‘In a little while, you will not see me0x3B and again after a little while, you will see me’? 20Truly, truly, I say to you, you will weep and lament, but the world will rejoice. You will be sorrowful, but your sorrow will turn to joy. 21When a woman is giving birth, she has pain because her hour has come, but when her baby is born, she no longer remembers the anguish because of her joy that a child has been born into the world. 22So you also have sorrow now, but I will see you again, and your hearts will rejoice, and no one will take your joy away from you.
Section 150e

Promise of answered prayer and peace

Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives

John 16:23-33
23In that day you will ask nothing of me. Truly, truly, I say to you, whatever you ask of the Father in my name he will give you. 24Until now you have not asked for anything in my name. Ask, and you will receive, so that your joy may be full. 25“I have told you these things in figures of speech, but an hour is coming when I will no longer use figures of speech but will tell you plainly about the Father. 26In that day you will ask in my name, and I do not say to you that I will ask the Father on your behalf, 27for the Father himself loves you, because you have loved me and have come to believe that I came from God. 28I came from the Father and have come into the world, and now I am leaving the world and going to the Father.” 29His disciples said to him, “Behold, now you are speaking plainly and not using any figure of speech. 30Now we know that you know all things and have no need for anyone to question you0x3B because of this we believe that you came from God.” 31Jesus answered them, “Now do you believe? 32Behold, an hour is coming, and has now come, when you will be scattered, each to your own home, and will leave me all alone. Yet I am not alone, for the Father is with me. 33I have said these things to you so that in me you may have peace. In the world you will have tribulation, but take heart0x3B I have overcome the world.”
Section 151

Jesus' prayer for his disciples and all who believe

Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives

John 17:1-26
1After saying these things, Jesus lifted up his eyes to heaven and said, “Father, the hour has come0x3B glorify your Son so that your Son may also glorify you, 2just as you have given him authority over all flesh, to give eternal life to all whom you have given him. 3This is eternal life, that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent. 4I have glorified you on earth. I have completed the work you have given me to do. 5And now, Father, glorify me in your presence with the glory that I had with you before the world existed. 6“I have revealed your name to the people you have given me out of the world. They were yours0x3B you gave them to me, and they have kept your word. 7They now know that everything you have given me is from you. 8For I have given them the words that you gave me, and they have received them and truly know that I came from you. They have also come to believe that you sent me. 9I ask on their behalf0x3B I do not ask on behalf of the world, but on behalf of those you have given me, for they are yours. 10All I have is yours, and all you have is mine, and I have been glorified in them. 11I will no longer remain in the world, but they are in the world, and I am coming to you. Holy Father, keep them in your name, which you have given me, so that they may be one, just as we are one. 12While I was with them in the world, I kept them in your name. I have guarded those you have given me, and not one of them has perished except the son of destruction, so that the Scripture might be fulfilled. 13But now I am coming to you, and I speak these things in the world so that they may have my joy made full within them. 14I have given them your word, and the world has hated them because they are not of the world, just as I am not of the world. 15I do not ask you to take them out of the world, but to keep them from the evil one. 16They are not of the world, just as I am not of the world. 17Sanctify them by your truth0x3B your word is truth. 18Just as you have sent me into the world, so I have sent them into the world. 19For their sakes I sanctify myself, so that they too may be sanctified by the truth. 20“I do not ask on behalf of them alone, but also on behalf of those who will believe in me through their word, 21that they may all be one, just as you, Father, are in me, and I am in you, that they also may be one in us, so that the world may believe that you sent me. 22I have given them the glory that you gave me, so that they may be one, just as we are one, 23I in them and you in me, so that they may be perfected into one, and so that the world may know that you have sent me and have loved them just as you have loved me. 24Father, I want those you have given me to be with me where I am, so that they may see my glory, which you gave me because you loved me before the foundation of the world. 25Righteous Father, though the world does not know you, I know you, and these men know that you have sent me. 26I have made your name known to them, and will continue to make it known, so that the love with which you have loved me may be in them, and so that I may be in them.”
Section 152

Jesus' three agonizing prayers in Gethsemane

Garden of Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives

Matthew 26:30, 36-46Mark 14:26, 32-42Luke 22:39-46John 18:1
30And after singing a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives. 26And after singing a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives. 39Then Jesus went out and made his way to the Mount of Olives, as was his custom, and his disciples followed him. 40When he came to the place, he said to them, “Pray that you may not enter into temptation.” 1After saying these things, Jesus went out with his disciples across the Kidron Valley, where there was a garden, which he entered along with his disciples.
36Then Jesus went with them to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to the disciples, “Sit here while I go over there and pray.” 37And taking with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, he began to be sorrowful and distressed. 38Then Jesus said to them, “My soul is very sorrowful, even to the point of death0x3B stay here and keep watch with me.” 32Then they went to a place called Gethsemane, and Jesus said to his disciples, “Sit here while I go and pray.” 33He took with him Peter, James, and John, and began to be greatly disturbed and distressed. 34He said to them, “My soul is very sorrowful, even to the point of death0x3B stay here and keep watch.”
39And going a little farther, he fell on his face and prayed, “My Father, if possible, let this cup pass from me0x3B nevertheless, not as I will, but as you will.” 35Going a little farther, he fell on the ground and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from him. 36He said, “Abba, Father, all things are possible for you. Take this cup away from me0x3B nevertheless, not what I will, but what you will.” 41Then he withdrew from them about a stone's throw away and knelt down and prayed, 42“Father, if you are willing to take this cup away from me, do so0x3B nevertheless, not my will, but yours be done.” 43Then an angel from heaven appeared to him and strengthened him. 44Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground.
40Then he came to the disciples and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “So you could not keep watch with me for one hour? 41Keep watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.” 37Then he came and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “Simon, are you sleeping? Could you not keep watch for one hour? 38Keep watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.” 45When he rose from prayer and came to the disciples, he found them sleeping because of their sorrow. 46So he said to them, “Why are you sleeping? Rise and pray, lest you enter into temptation.”
42Again, he went away for a second time and prayed, “My Father, if this cup cannot pass from me unless I drink it, may your will be done.” 39Once again he went away and prayed the same prayer.
43Then he came and found them sleeping again, for their eyes were heavy. 44So he left them and went away again and prayed for a third time, saying the same thing. 40When he returned, he found them sleeping again, for their eyes were heavy, and they did not know what to say in response.
45Then he came to his disciples and said to them, “Sleep on now and take your rest! Behold, the hour has drawn near, and the Son of Man is delivered up into the hands of sinners. 46Rise, let us go. Behold, my betrayer has drawn near.” 41Then he came a third time and said to them, “Sleep on now and take your rest! It is enough0x3B the hour has come. Behold, the Son of Man is delivered up into the hands of sinners. 42Rise, let us go! Behold, my betrayer has drawn near.”
Section 153

Jesus betrayed, arrested, and forsaken

Garden of Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives

Matthew 26:47-56Mark 14:43-52Luke 22:47-53John 18:2-12
2Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, because Jesus had often met there with his disciples.
47While he was still speaking, behold, Judas, one of the twelve, came. With him was a large crowd with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests and elders of the people. 43Immediately, as he was still speaking, Judas arrived, who was one of the twelve. With him was a large crowd with swords and clubs, sent by the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders. 47aWhile he was still speaking, behold, a crowd approached, and the man called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them. 3So Judas took a cohort of soldiers and officers from the chief priests and Pharisees, and they went there with lanterns, torches, and weapons. 4Then Jesus, knowing everything that would happen to him, went out and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.” (Judas, who betrayed him, was also standing with them.) 6When Jesus said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. 7So again he asked them, “Whom do you seek?” They said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So if you are seeking me, let these men go.” 9He said this to fulfill the word he had spoken: “I have not lost a single one of those you have given me.”
48Now his betrayer had given them a sign, saying, “Whomever I kiss, he is the one0x3B arrest him.” 49Immediately he went up to Jesus and said, “Greetings, Rabbi!” And he kissed him. 44Now his betrayer had given them a signal, saying, “Whomever I kiss, he is the one0x3B arrest him and lead him away under guard.” 45When Judas came, he immediately went up to Jesus and said to him, “Rabbi! Rabbi!” And he kissed him. 47bHe drew near to Jesus to kiss him, 48and Jesus said to him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?” 49When those who were around him saw what was about to happen, they said to him, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?”
50Jesus said to him, “Friend, for what purpose have you come?” Then they came forward, took hold of Jesus, and arrested him. 46Then they took hold of Jesus and arrested him.
51And behold, one of the men with Jesus stretched out his hand and drew his sword. He struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his ear. 47But one of the bystanders drew his sword, struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear. 50Then one of them struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his right ear. 10Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it, struck the high priest's servant, and cut off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.)
52Then Jesus said to him, “Put your sword back into its place, for all who take the sword will die by the sword. 53Or do you think that I cannot call on my Father right now, and he will provide me with more than twelve legions of angels? 54How then would the Scriptures be fulfilled that say it must happen this way?” 51But Jesus responded, “No more of this!” And he touched the man's ear and healed him. 11But Jesus said to Peter, “Put your sword into its sheath0x3B shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?” 12Then the cohort of soldiers, along with its commander and the Jewish officers, arrested Jesus, bound him,
55In that hour Jesus said to the crowds, “Have you come out to arrest me with swords and clubs as you would against a robber? I sat daily with you, teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest me. 56But all this has taken place so that the Scriptures of the prophets would be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left him and fled. 48Then Jesus said to them, “Have you come out to arrest me with swords and clubs as you would against a robber? 49I was with you daily, teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest me. But these things are happening so that the Scriptures may be fulfilled.” 50Then they all left him and fled. 51Now a certain young man was following Jesus, wearing nothing but a linen cloth. The young men tried to seize him, 52but he left the linen cloth behind and ran away from them naked. 52Then Jesus said to the chief priests, the officers of the temple, and the elders who had come out against him, “Have you come out with swords and clubs as you would against a robber? 53I was with you daily in the temple courts, and you did not lay a hand on me. But this is your hour, when the power of darkness reigns.”
Section 154

First Jewish phase, before Annas

Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas

John 18:13-14, 19-23
13and led him away first to Annas, for he was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. 14(It was Caiaphas who had advised the Jews that it was better for one man to perish for the people.)
19Meanwhile, the high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and his teaching. 20Jesus answered him, “I have spoken openly to the world. I have always taught in the synagogues and in the temple courts, where the Jews always assemble together. I have said nothing in secret. 21Why do you question me? Question those who heard what I said to them. Behold, they know what I said.” 22When Jesus said this, one of the officers standing nearby slapped him and said, “Is that how you answer the high priest?” 23Jesus answered him, “If I have spoken wrongly, testify as to what was wrong0x3B but if I have spoken well, why are you hitting me?”
Section 155

Second Jewish phase, before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin

Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas

Matthew 26:57, 59-68Mark 14:53, 55-65Luke 22:54a, 63-65John 18:24
57Now those who had arrested Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled. 53Then they led Jesus away to the high priest, and all the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes were assembled together with him. 54aThen they arrested him, led him away, and brought him to the house of the high priest, 24Then Annas sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.
59Now the chief priests, the elders, and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against Jesus, so that they could put him to death, 60but they did not find any. Even though many false witnesses came forward, they did not find any. 61But at last two false witnesses came forward and declared, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’ ” 55Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking testimony against Jesus so that they could put him to death, but they did not find any. 56For many were giving false testimony against him, but their testimonies did not agree. 57Then some stood up and gave false testimony against him, declaring, 58“We heard him say, ‘I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and in three days I will build another that is not made with hands.’ ” 59Yet even then their testimony did not agree.
62So the high priest stood up and said to him, “Do you make no answer? What are these men testifying against you?” 63But Jesus was silent. Then the high priest said to him, “I adjure you by the living God to tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God.” 64Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself. Nevertheless I say to you, from now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.” [*] 60Then the high priest stood up before them and asked Jesus, “Do you make no answer? What are these men testifying against you?” 61But he was silent and made no answer. Again the high priest asked him, “Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?” 62Jesus said, “I am. And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power and coming with the clouds of heaven.” [*]
65Then the high priest tore his garments and said, “He has blasphemed! What further need do we have of witnesses? Behold, you have now heard his blasphemy. 66What do you think?” They answered, “He deserves death.” 63Then the high priest tore his garments and said, “What further need do we have of witnesses? 64You have heard his blasphemy. What seems right to you?” And they all condemned him as deserving death.
67Then they spit in his face and struck him. Others slapped him, 68saying, “Prophesy to us, you Christ! Who is it that struck you?” 65Then some began to spit on him, to blindfold him, and to beat him, saying to him, “Prophesy!” And the officers kept striking him with the palms of their hands. 63Now the men who were holding Jesus in custody began mocking him and beating him. 64They also blindfolded him and kept striking his face, saying to him, “Prophesy! Who is it that struck you?” 65And they said many other things against him, reviling him.
Section 156

Peter's denials

Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas

Matthew 26:58, 69-75Mark 14:54, 66-72Luke 22:54b-62John 18:15-18, 25-27
58aBut Peter was following him at a distance, coming as far as the courtyard of the high priest. After going inside, 54aPeter had followed Jesus at a distance, right into the courtyard of the high priest. 54band Peter was following at a distance. 15Now Simon Peter was following Jesus, as was the other disciple. That disciple was known to the high priest, so he went with Jesus into the high priest's courtyard, 16but Peter stood outside at the gate. So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out, spoke to the gatekeeper, and brought Peter in. 17Then the servant girl who was the gatekeeper said to Peter, “You are not also one of this man's disciples, are you?” He said, “I am not.”
58bhe sat with the officers to see the outcome. 54bThere he sat with the officers, warming himself in the light of the fire. 55Some there had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat down together, and Peter sat down among them. 18(Now the servants and the officers had made a charcoal fire, because it was cold, and they were standing there warming themselves. Peter was also standing with them, warming himself.)
69Now Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard, and a servant girl came to him and said, “You also were with Jesus the Galilean.” 66Now as Peter was in the courtyard below, one of the servant girls of the high priest came. 67When she saw Peter warming himself, she looked at him and said, “You also were with Jesus of Nazareth.” 56When a servant girl saw him sitting in the light of the fire, she looked at him intently and said, “This man also was with him.” 25aMeanwhile, Simon Peter was standing and warming himself. So they said to him, “You are not also one of his disciples, are you?”
70But he denied it before them all, saying, “I do not know what you are talking about!” 68But he denied it, saying, “I neither know nor understand what you are talking about!” Then he went outside to the gateway, and a rooster crowed. 57But Peter denied him, saying, “Woman, I do not know him.” 25bHe denied it and said, “I am not.”
71Then he went out to the gateway, and another servant girl saw him and said to those who were there, “This man also was with Jesus of Nazareth.” 72But again he denied it with an oath: “I do not know the man.” 69When the servant girl saw him again, she began saying to those who were standing nearby, “This man is one of them.” 70aBut again he denied it. 58After a little while, someone else saw him and said, “You also are one of them.” But Peter said, “Man, I am not.”
73After a little while, those who were standing there came up and said to Peter, “Truly you also are one of them, for even your accent gives you away.” 74Then he began to invoke curses and to swear: “I do not know the man.” And immediately a rooster crowed. 75Then Peter remembered what Jesus had said to him: “Before a rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” And he went out and wept bitterly. 70bAfter a little while, those who were standing nearby said to Peter once again, “Truly you are one of them, for you also are a Galilean, and your accent is like theirs.” 71But he began to invoke curses and to swear: “I do not know this man of whom you speak.” 72Then a rooster crowed a second time, and Peter remembered what Jesus had said to him: “Before a rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.” And he broke down and wept. 59After about an hour had gone by, another man kept insisting, “Truly this man also was with him, for he too is a Galilean.” 60But Peter said, “Man, I do not know what you are talking about!” And immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. 61Then the Lord turned and looked at Peter, and Peter remembered what the Lord had said to him, “Before a rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” 62And Peter went out and wept bitterly. 26But one of the servants of the high priest, who was a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off, said, “Did I not see you with him in the garden?” 27Peter denied it again, and immediately a rooster crowed.
Section 157

Third Jewish phase, before the Sanhedrin

Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas

Matthew 27:1Mark 15:1aLuke 22:66-71
1Now when morning came, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death. 1aAs soon as it was morning, the chief priests took counsel with the elders, scribes, and the whole Sanhedrin. 66When daybreak came, the elders of the people gathered together, both chief priests and scribes, and they led Jesus up to their Sanhedrin and said, 67“If you are the Christ, tell us.” But he said to them, “If I tell you, you will surely not believe. 68And if I ask you a question, you will surely not answer me or release me. 69But from now on the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.” [*] 70So they all said, “Are you then the Son of God?” He said to them, “You yourselves say that I am.” 71Then they said, “What further need do we have of testimony? For we ourselves have heard it from his own mouth.”
Section 158

Remorse and suicide of Judas Iscariot

Jerusalem, in the temple & The potter's field

Matthew 27:3-10Acts 1:18-19
3When Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus had been condemned, he regretted what he had done and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders, 4saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood.” But they said, “What is that to us? See to it yourself.” 5So he threw the pieces of silver into the temple and departed. Then he went away and hanged himself. 6The chief priests took the pieces of silver and said, “It is not lawful to put them into the temple treasury, since they are a price paid for blood.”
7So they took counsel and used the money to buy the potter's field as a burial place for foreigners. 8Therefore that field has been called the Field of Blood to this day. 9Then what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled: “They took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him on whom a price had been set, on whom some of the sons of Israel had set a price, 10and they gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord directed me.”[*] 18(Now this man Judas had acquired a field with the wages of unrighteousness, and falling headfirst, his body burst open, and all his intestines gushed out. 19This became known to all who were dwelling in Jerusalem, so that in their language the field was called Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood.)
Section 159

First Roman phase, before Pilate

Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)

Matthew 27:2, 11-14Mark 15:1b-5Luke 23:1-5John 18:28-38
2They bound him, led him away, and handed him over to Pontius Pilate, the governor. 1bThey bound Jesus, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate. 1Then the whole assembly arose and led Jesus to Pilate. 28Then the Jews led Jesus away from Caiaphas to the governor's headquarters. It was now early in the morning. They themselves did not go into the governor's headquarters so that they would not be defiled, but could eat the Passover.
2They began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man perverting the nation and forbidding us to pay taxes to Caesar, declaring himself to be Christ, a king.” 29So Pilate went out to them and said, “What accusation do you bring against this man?” 30They answered him, “If he were not an evildoer, we would not have handed him over to you.” 31Pilate said to them, “You take him and judge him according to your own law.” The Jews said to him, “It is not lawful for us to put anyone to death.” 32(This happened to fulfill what Jesus had said when he indicated the kind of death he was going to die.)
11Meanwhile, Jesus stood before the governor, and the governor asked him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself.” 2So Pilate asked him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” Jesus answered him, “You have said it yourself.” 3So Pilate asked Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?” Jesus answered him, “You have said it yourself.” 33Then Pilate went into his headquarters again, called Jesus over, and said to him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” 34Jesus answered him, “Do you say this of your own accord, or have others spoken to you about me?” 35Pilate answered, “Am I a Jew? Your own nation and the chief priests have handed you over to me. What have you done?” 36Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world. If my kingdom were of this world, my servants would be fighting to keep me from being delivered up to the Jews. But as it is, my kingdom is not from here.” 37Pilate said to him, “So you are a king?” Jesus answered, “You have said yourself that I am a king. The reason I was born and the reason I came into the world is to testify to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth listens to my voice.”
4Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowd, “I find no fault in this man.” 38Pilate said to him, “What is truth?”After he said this, he again went out to the Jews and said to them, “I find no fault in him.
12But when he was accused by the chief priests and the elders, he made no answer. 13Then Pilate said to him, “Do you not hear all the things they are testifying against you?” 14But he gave him no answer, not even to a single charge, so the governor was greatly amazed. 3Then the chief priests accused him of many things. 4So Pilate asked him again, “Do you make no answer? See how many things they are testifying against you!” 5But Jesus made no further answer, so Pilate was amazed.
5But they kept insisting, “He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea. He started from Galilee and has come even to this place.”
Section 160

Second Roman phase, before Herod Antipas

Jerusalem, before Herod Antipas

Luke 23:6-12
6When Pilate heard mention of Galilee, he asked whether the man was a Galilean. 7And when he found out that Jesus was under Herod's jurisdiction, he sent him over to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem in those days. 8When Herod saw Jesus he was very glad, for he had long desired to see him, because he had heard many things about him and was hoping to see him perform some sign. 9So he questioned him at great length, but Jesus gave him no answer. 10Meanwhile, the chief priests and the scribes stood there, vehemently accusing him. 11Herod also treated him with contempt and mocked him, as did his soldiers. Then, after dressing Jesus in fine clothing, Herod sent him back to Pilate. 12That very day Pilate and Herod became friends with one another0x3B before this they had been enemies.
Section 161

Third Roman phase, before Pilate

Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)

Matthew 27:15-26Mark 15:6-15Luke 23:13-16, 18-25John 18:39-19:16a
15Now at the feast the governor was accustomed to release one prisoner for the crowd, whomever they wanted. 16At that time they had a notorious prisoner named Barabbas. 6Now at the feast Pilate would release one prisoner for the people, whomever they requested. 7And there was a man named Barabbas who was in prison with his fellow insurrectionists who had committed murder in the insurrection. 8So the crowd cried out and began to ask Pilate to do what he had always done for them.
13Then Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers, and the people, 14and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was misleading the people. And behold, after examining him before you, I have found no fault in this man with respect to the accusations you are making against him, 15and neither has Herod, for I sent you to him. Clearly he has done nothing that deserves death. 16Therefore I will have him flogged and then release him.”
17So when the crowds were gathered together, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to release for you? Barabbas, or Jesus, who is called Christ?” 18(For he knew they had handed Jesus over out of envy.) 19While Pilate was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent him this message: “Have nothing to do with that righteous man, for I have suffered a great deal today in a dream because of him.” 9Pilate answered them, “Do you want me to release for you the king of the Jews?” 10(For he knew that the chief priests had handed Jesus over out of envy.) 39But you have a custom that I release for you one man at the Passover. So do you want me to release for you the king of the Jews?”
20But the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowds to ask for Barabbas to be released and for Jesus to be executed. 11But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to have Pilate release for them Barabbas instead.
21In response the governor said to them, “Which of the two do you want me to release for you?” They said, “Barabbas.” 18So they all cried out together, “Away with this man, and release for us Barabbas!” 19(This was a man who had been thrown into prison for an insurrection that had taken place in the city, and for murder.) 40They all cried out again, “Not this man, but Barabbas!” (Now Barabbas was an insurrectionist.) 1Then Pilate took Jesus and flogged him. 2The soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns, put it on his head, and then clothed him with a purple garment. 3They kept saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and striking him on the face. 4Once again Pilate came out and said to the Jews, “Behold, I am bringing him out to you so that you may know that I find no fault in him.” 5Jesus then came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment, and Pilate said to them, “Behold, the man!”
22So Pilate said to them, “What then shall I do with Jesus, who is called Christ?” They all said to him, “Let him be crucified!” 12In response Pilate said to them again, “What then do you want me to do with the man you call King of the Jews?” 13They cried out again, “Crucify him!” 20Wishing to release Jesus, Pilate addressed them again, 21but they kept on shouting, “Crucify, crucify him!” 22A third time he said to them, “Why? What evil has he done? I have found in him no grounds for death. So I will have him flogged and then release him.”
23Then the governor said, “Why? What evil has he done?” But they cried out all the more, “Let him be crucified!” 14Pilate said to them, “Why? What evil has he done?” But they cried out all the more, “Crucify him!” 6When the chief priests and the officers saw him, they cried out, “Crucify, crucify him!” But Pilate said to them, “You take him and crucify him, for I find no fault in him.” 7The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and according to our law he must die, for he made himself out to be the Son of God.” 8When Pilate heard this, he was even more afraid. 9He went back into his headquarters and said to Jesus, “Where are you from?” But Jesus gave him no answer. 10So Pilate said to him, “You do not speak to me? Do you not know that I have authority to crucify you, and authority to release you?” 11Jesus answered, “You would have no authority over me if it had not been given to you from above. Therefore he who handed me over to you has greater sin.” 12From that point forward Pilate was seeking to release him, but the Jews cried out, “If you release this man, you are not a friend of Caesar0x3B everyone who makes himself out to be a king opposes Caesar.” 13When Pilate heard this, he brought Jesus out and sat down on the judgment seat at a place called the Stone Pavement (or in Hebrew, Gabbatha). 14It was about the sixth hour on the day of Preparation for the Passover, and he said to the Jews, “Behold, your king!”
24When Pilate saw that he was achieving nothing and that a riot was breaking out, he took water and washed his hands before the crowd, saying, “I am innocent of the blood of this righteous man. See to it yourselves.” 25All the people answered, “His blood be on us and on our children!” 23But they continued insistently with loud voices, demanding that he be crucified, and their voices prevailed, along with those of the chief priests. 15But they cried out, “Away with him, away with him, crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your king?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar.”
26Then he released for them Barabbas, but he scourged Jesus and handed him over to be crucified. 15Then Pilate, wishing to satisfy the crowd, released for them Barabbas. But he scourged Jesus and handed him over to be crucified. 24So Pilate rendered his decision that their demand be granted. 25He released the man they had been asking for, who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, but he handed Jesus over to their will. 16aThen Pilate handed Jesus over to them to be crucified.
Section 162

Mockery by the Roman soldiers

Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)

Matthew 27:27-30Mark 15:16-19
27Then the governor's soldiers took Jesus with them into the governor's headquarters and gathered against him the entire cohort of soldiers. 28They stripped him, put a scarlet robe on him, 29twisted together a crown of thorns, and put it on his head. They put a reed in his right hand, and kneeling before him, they mocked him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” 30Then they spit on him, took the reed, and beat him repeatedly on his head. 16So the soldiers led him away into the palace (that is, the governor's headquarters) and called together the entire cohort of soldiers. 17They clothed him with a purple robe, twisted together a crown of thorns, and put it on him. 18Then they began to salute him: “Hail, King of the Jews!” 19They kept beating him on the head with a reed, spitting on him, and bending down on their knees to pay homage to him.
Section 163

Journey to Golgatha

Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor) → Golgotha

Matthew 27:31-34Mark 15:20-23Luke 23:26-33aJohn 19:16b-17
31When they had finished mocking him, they stripped him of the robe and put his own garments back on him. Then they led him away to crucify him. 20When they had finished mocking him, they stripped him of the purple robe and put his own garments back on him. Then they led him out to crucify him. 16bSo they took Jesus and led him away. 17aCarrying his own cross,
32As they went out, they found a Cyrenian man named Simon. They pressed him into service, forcing him to carry Jesus' cross. 21Now a certain man from Cyrene, Simon, the father of Alexander and Rufus, was passing by on his way in from the countryside. The soldiers pressed him into service, forcing him to carry Jesus' cross, 26As the soldiers led him away, they took hold of Simon, a Cyrenian man who was coming in from the countryside, and they laid on him the cross, forcing him to carry it behind Jesus. 27A great multitude of people followed along behind, including women who were mourning and lamenting for Jesus. 28But Jesus turned to them and said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. 29For behold, the days are coming when people will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, the wombs that have not given birth, and the breasts that have not nursed!’ 30Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us!’ [*] 31For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?” 32Now two others, who were criminals, were also being led away to be put to death with Jesus.
33When they came to a place called Golgotha (which means, “Place of the Skull”), 34they gave Jesus sour wine to drink mixed with gall. But when he tasted it, he refused to drink it. 22and they brought Jesus to the place called Golgotha (which means, “Place of the Skull”). 23Then they gave him wine to drink, mixed with myrrh, but he did not take it. 33aWhen they came to the place called the Skull, 17bhe went out to a location called the Place of the Skull (which in Hebrew is called Golgotha).
Section 164

First three hours of crucifixion

Golgotha

Matthew 27:35-44Mark 15:24-27, 29-32Luke 23:33b-34, 38, 35-37, 39-43John 19:18, 23-24, 19-22, 25-27
33bthe soldiers crucified him there along with the criminals, one on his right and one on his left. 18There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle.
35After crucifying him, they divided his garments among themselves by casting lots. 36Then they sat down and kept watch over him there. 24And they crucified him. Then they divided his garments, casting lots for them to see who would take what. 34But Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” Then they cast lots to divide his garments. 23When the soldiers crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, a part for each soldier. They also took his tunic, which was seamless. It was woven in one piece from top to bottom, 24so they said to one another, “Let us not tear it apart, but cast lots for it to decide whose it will be.” This happened to fulfill the Scripture that says,“They divided my garments among themselves,and for my clothing they cast lots.”This is what the soldiers did.[*]
37Over his head they placed the written charge against him, which read, “This is Jesus, the King of the Jews.” 38Then two robbers were crucified with him, one on his right and one on his left. 25It was the third hour when they crucified him. 26The inscription of the charge against him was written as follows: “The King of the Jews.” 27With him they crucified two robbers, one on his right and one on his left. 38There was also an inscription over him written in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew letters, which read: “This is the King of the Jews.” 19Pilate also wrote a notice and put it on the cross. It read, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” 20Many of the Jews read this notice, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. 21Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, “I am the king of the Jews.” ’ ” 22Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”
39Those who passed by reviled him, shaking their heads 40and saying, “You who would destroy the temple and build it in three days, save yourself. If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross!” 29Those who passed by reviled him, shaking their heads and saying, “Ha! You who would destroy the temple and build it in three days, 30save yourself and come down from the cross!” 35aThe people stood there looking on,
41In the same way the chief priests also, along with the scribes, elders, and Pharisees, were mocking him, saying, 42“He saved others, but he cannot save himself. If he is the king of Israel, let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him. 43He has put his trust in God0x3B let God deliver him now if he wants him, for he said, ‘I am the Son of God.’ ” [*] 31In the same way the chief priests also, along with the scribes, were mocking him among themselves, saying, “He saved others, but he cannot save himself. 32aLet the Christ, the king of Israel, come down now from the cross, so that we may see it and believe him.” 35band the rulers who were with them ridiculed him, saying, “He saved others; let him save himself if he is the Christ, the Chosen One of God.” 36The soldiers also mocked him, coming up to him and offering him sour wine, 37saying, “If you are the king of the Jews, save yourself!”
44The robbers who were crucified with him were also reviling him in the same way. 32bThe men who were crucified with him were also insulting him.
39One of the criminals who was hanging there reviled him, saying, “If you are the Christ, save yourself and us!” 40But the other rebuked him, saying, “Do you not even fear God, seeing that you are under the same condemnation? 41The two of us are justly condemned, for we are receiving the appropriate punishment for the things we have done, but this man has done nothing wrong.” 42Then he said to Jesus, “Remember me, Lord, when you come in your kingdom.” 43Jesus said to him, “Truly I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.”
25Standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother, his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. 26When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son.” 27Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother.” And from that hour the disciple took her into his own home.
Section 165

Last three hours of crucifixion

Golgotha

Matthew 27:45-50Mark 15:33-37Luke 23:44-45a, 46John 19:28-30
45From the sixth hour until the ninth hour, there was darkness over the whole land. 46And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eli, Eli, lima sabachthani?” that is, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” [*] 47When some of those standing there heard this, they said, “This man is calling for Elijah.” 33From the sixth hour until the ninth hour, there was darkness over the whole land. 34And at the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lima sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” [*] 35When some of those standing nearby heard this, they said, “Behold, he is calling for Elijah.” 44Now it was about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. 45aThe sun was darkened,
48Immediately one of them ran, got a sponge, filled it with sour wine, put it on a reed, and gave it to him to drink. 49But the rest said, “Leave him alone. Let us see if Elijah comes to save him.” 36Then a man ran and filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a reed, and gave it to him to drink, saying, “Leave him alone. Let us see if Elijah comes to take him down.” 28After this, when Jesus saw that everything was now finished, in order to fulfill the Scripture he said, “I am thirsty.” 29A jar full of sour wine was there, so they filled a sponge with sour wine, put it around a hyssop branch, and brought it up to his mouth.
50Then Jesus cried out again with a loud voice and gave up his spirit. 37But Jesus let out a loud cry and breathed his last breath. 46Then Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.” After saying this, he breathed his last breath. [*] 30When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, “It is finished.” Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
Section 166

Witnesses of Jesus' death

Jerusalem, in the temple & Golgotha

Matthew 27:51-56Mark 15:38-41Luke 23:45b, 47-49
51And behold, the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth was shaken, and the rocks were split. 52The tombs were opened, and the bodies of many saints who had fallen asleep were raised. 53(They came out of the tombs, and after his resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many.) 38Then the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. 45band the veil of the temple was torn down the middle.
54Now when the centurion and those who were keeping watch with him over Jesus saw the earthquake and the things that had happened, they became very frightened and said, “Truly this man was the Son of God.” 39Now when the centurion who was standing in front of Jesus saw how he cried out and breathed his last breath, he said, “Truly this man was the Son of God.” 47Now when the centurion saw what had happened, he glorified God and said, “Surely this man was righteous.” 48And when all the crowds who had gathered together for this spectacle saw what had happened, they returned home beating their breasts.
55Many women who had followed Jesus from Galilee and provided for him were there looking on from a distance, 40There were also some women looking on from a distance, among whom were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salome. 49But all those who knew Jesus stood at a distance watching these things, including the women who had followed him from Galilee.
56among whom were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee. 41These women had followed Jesus and provided for him when he was in Galilee. There were also many other women who had come up with him to Jerusalem.
Section 167a

Certification of Jesus' death and procurement of his body

Golgotha & Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)

Matthew 27:57-58Mark 15:42-45Luke 23:50-52John 19:31-38
31Since it was the day of Preparation (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate to have the men's legs broken and their bodies taken away, so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath. 32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man and of the other who had been crucified with him. 33But when they came to Jesus, they did not break his legs since they saw that he was already dead. 34Instead, one of the soldiers pierced Jesus' side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. 35He who saw this has testified, and his testimony is true, and he knows that he speaks what is true, so that you may believe. 36For these things happened so that the Scripture would be fulfilled: “No bone of his will be broken.” [*] 37And, as another Scripture says, “They will look on him whom they have pierced.”[*]
57aWhen it was evening, 42When evening had come, since it was the day of Preparation (that is, the day before the Sabbath),
57bthere came a rich man from Arimathea named Joseph, who was himself also a disciple of Jesus. 58aHe went to Pilate and asked for Jesus' body. 43Joseph of Arimathea, a respected council member, who was himself also waiting for the kingdom of God, came and boldly went in before Pilate to ask for Jesus' body. 44Pilate was surprised that Jesus was already dead, so he called the centurion over and asked him if Jesus had been dead for some time. 50Now there was a good and righteous man named Joseph, who was a member of the council 51but had not consented to their decision and action. He was from Arimathea, a town of the Jews, and was himself also waiting for the kingdom of God. 52He went to Pilate and asked for Jesus' body. 38aAfter these things, Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus (but secretly for fear of the Jews), asked Pilate if he could take away Jesus' body.
58bSo Pilate commanded that the body be given to him. 45When he found out from the centurion that it was so, he granted the body to Joseph. 38bPilate gave him permission, so he came and took the body away.
Section 167b

Jesus' body placed in a tomb

Garden tomb at Golgotha

Matthew 27:59-60Mark 15:46Luke 23:53-54John 19:39-42
39With him came Nicodemus (who had previously come to Jesus by night). He brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes that weighed about seventy-five pounds.
59Joseph took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, 46aAfter buying a linen cloth and taking him down, Joseph wrapped him in the linen cloth 53aThen he took it down, wrapped it in a linen cloth, 40So they took Jesus' body and wrapped it in linen cloths with the spices, as is the custom of the Jews in preparing a body for burial.
60and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn in the rock. Then he rolled a large stone against the entrance of the tomb and went away. 46band laid him in a tomb that had been hewn in the rock. Then he rolled a stone against the entrance of the tomb. 53band laid it in a tomb hewn in the rock, where no one had ever been laid. 54It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was approaching. 41Near the place where Jesus was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden there was a new tomb in which no one had ever been laid. 42Because it was the Jewish day of Preparation and since the tomb was nearby, they laid Jesus there.
Section 168

The tomb watched by the warnen and guarded by the soldiers

Garden tomb at Golgotha & Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)

Matthew 27:61-66Mark 15:47Luke 23:55-56
61Mary Magdalene was there, and so was the other Mary, sitting across from the tomb. 47And Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where he was laid. 55The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed along behind and saw the tomb and how his body was laid in it. 56Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments. But they rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment.
62The next day (that is, after the day of Preparation), the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered together before Pilate 63and said, “Sir, we remember that while he was still alive that deceiver said, ‘After three days I will rise again.’ 64Therefore command that the tomb be secured until the third day, lest his disciples come by night, steal him away, and say to the people, ‘He has been raised from the dead.’ This last deception would be worse than the first.” 65Pilate said to them, “You have a guard of soldiers. Go and make it as secure as you know how.” 66So they went and secured the tomb by sealing the stone and posting the guard of soldiers.
Section 169

The tomb visited by the women

Garden tomb at Golgotha

Matthew 28:1Mark 16:1
1After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene came to see the tomb along with the other Mary. 1When the Sabbath was over, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices, so that they might go and anoint Jesus' body.
Section 170

The stone rolled away

Garden tomb at Golgotha

Matthew 28:2-4
2And behold, there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended from heaven and came and rolled away the stone from the entrance and sat on it. 3His appearance was like lightning, and his clothing was as white as snow. 4The guards were so afraid of him that they trembled and became like dead men.
Section 171

The tomb found to be empty by the women

Garden tomb at Golgotha

Matthew 28:5-8Mark 16:2-8Luke 24:1-8John 20:1
2Very early in the morning of the first day of the week, when the sun had risen, they went to the tomb. 3On the way, they were saying to one another, “Who will roll the stone away from the entrance of the tomb for us?” 4But when they arrived, they looked up and saw that the stone, which was very large, had already been rolled away. 5As they went into the tomb, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed in a long white robe, and they were alarmed. 1On the first day of the week, at early dawn, the women came to the tomb, bringing the spices they had prepared, and some other women were with them. 2They found the stone rolled away from the tomb, 3but when they went in, they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. 4While they were greatly perplexed about this, behold, two men stood by them in dazzling clothes. 1On the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene came to the tomb early, while it was still dark, and she saw that the stone had been taken away from the tomb.
5Then the angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who has been crucified. 6He is not here, for he is risen, just as he said. Come see the place where the Lord lay. 7And now go quickly and tell his disciples that he is risen from the dead. And behold, he is going ahead of you to Galilee0x3B there you will see him. Listen to what I have told you.” 8So they went out quickly from the tomb with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples. 6But he said to them, “Do not be alarmed0x3B you seek Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified. He is risen0x3B he is not here. Behold, this is the place where they laid him. 7And now go tell his disciples and Peter that he is going ahead of you to Galilee. There you will see him, just as he told you.” 8So they went out and fled from the tomb, and trembling and amazement seized them. But they did not say anything to anyone, for they were afraid. 5The women were terrified and bowed their faces to the ground, but the men said to them, “Why do you seek the living among the dead? 6He is not here, but is risen. Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee, 7that the Son of Man must be delivered up into the hands of sinful men, be crucified, and on the third day rise again.” 8Then they remembered his words.
Section 172

The tomb found to be empty by Peter and John

Garden tomb at Golgotha

Luke 24:9-12John 20:2-10
9When they returned from the tomb, they told all these things to the eleven and to all the others. 10It was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and the other women with them, who told these things to the apostles. 11But their words came across to them as nonsense, and they did not believe them. 12Peter, however, got up and ran to the tomb. When he stooped down to look in, he saw the linen cloths lying there by themselves. So he went away, wondering to himself what had happened. 2So she ran and went to Simon Peter and to the other disciple, the one whom Jesus loved, and said to them, “They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him.” 3So Peter went out, along with the other disciple, and they began making their way to the tomb. 4The two were running together, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first. 5Stooping down to look in, he saw the linen cloths lying there, but he did not go in. 6Then Simon Peter, who had been following him, arrived and went into the tomb. He saw the linen cloths lying there 7and the facecloth that had been on Jesus' head. But it was not lying with the linen cloths0x3B it was folded up separately in another place. 8Then the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went in. He saw and believed. 9(For they did not yet understand the Scripture that Jesus must rise from the dead.) 10Then the disciples went back to their homes.
Section 173

Appearance to Mary Magdalene

Garden tomb at Golgotha & Jerusalem

Mark 16:9-11John 20:11-18
11But Mary stood near the tomb, weeping outside. As she was weeping, she stooped down to look into the tomb 12and saw two angels in white sitting where Jesus' body had been laid, one at the head and one at the feet. 13They said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” She said to them, “They have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid him.”
9In the morning on the first day of the week, after Jesus had risen, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom he had cast out seven demons. 14After saying this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not know it was Jesus. 15Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you seeking?” Supposing that he was the gardener, she said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have laid him, and I will take him away.” 16Jesus said to her, “Mary!” She turned and said to him, “Rabboni!” (which means “Teacher”). 17Jesus said to her, “Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet ascended to my Father. But go to my brothers and tell them that I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.”
10She then went and told those who had been with him, while they were mourning and weeping. 11But when they heard that he was alive and that she had seen him, they did not believe it. 18So Mary Magdalene went and told the disciples that she had seen the Lord and that he had said these things to her.
Section 174

Appearance to the other women

Jerusalem

Matthew 28:9-10
9As they went to tell his disciples, behold, Jesus met them and said, “Greetings!” So they came up, took hold of his feet, and worshiped him. 10Then Jesus said to them, “Do not be afraid0x3B go tell my brothers to go to Galilee, and there they will see me.”
Section 175

Report of the soldiers to the Jewish authorities

Jerusalem

Matthew 28:11-15
11As they went, behold, some of the guards went into the city and brought word to the chief priests of all that had taken place. 12After the chief priests had assembled with the elders and taken counsel, they gave a large sum of money to the soldiers 13and said, “Tell people, ‘His disciples came by night and stole him away while we were sleeping.’ 14If this matter is heard before the governor, we will persuade him and keep you free from concern.” 15So they took the money and did as they had been instructed. And this story is still being spread among the Jews today.
Section 176

Appearance to the two disciples traveling to Emmaus

Jerusalem → Emmaus

Mark 16:12-13Luke 24:13-32
12After this, Jesus appeared in a different form to two of his followers as they were walking along in the countryside. 13They went back and told the others, but they did not believe them either. 13That same day two of them were going to a village called Emmaus, which was about seven miles from Jerusalem. 14They were talking with each other about everything that had happened. 15As they were talking and discussing these things, Jesus himself drew near and went along with them, 16but their eyes were kept from recognizing him. 17He said to them, “What are you discussing with each other as you walk along, looking downcast?” 18Then the one whose name was Cleopas answered him, “Are you the only visitor in Jerusalem who does not know the things that have happened there in these last few days?” 19He said to them, “What things?” So they said to him, “The things concerning Jesus of Nazareth, a man who was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people, 20and how the chief priests and our rulers handed him over to a sentence of death and crucified him. 21But we had hoped that he was the one who would redeem Israel. And besides all this, today is now the third day since these things happened. 22Moreover, some of our women amazed us. They were at the tomb early this morning, 23and when they did not find his body, they came back saying that they had seen a vision of angels, who said that he was alive. 24Then some of our companions went to the tomb and found it to be so, just as the women had said, but they did not see him.” 25Then Jesus said to them, “O foolish men, how slow of heart you are to believe all that the prophets have spoken! 26Was it not necessary for the Christ to suffer these things and enter into his glory?” 27And beginning from Moses and all the Prophets, he explained to them the things written about himself in all the Scriptures. 28As they drew near to the village where they were going, Jesus acted as though he were going on farther. 29But they urged him not to do so, saying, “Stay with us, for it is nearly evening, and the day is drawing to a close.” So he went in to stay with them. 30As he was reclining at the table with them, he took the bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it to them. 31Then their eyes were opened, and they recognized him, but he disappeared from their sight. 32They said to each other, “Were not our hearts burning within us as he spoke to us on the road and explained the Scriptures to us?”
Section 177

Report of the two disciples to the rest

Jerusalem

Luke 24:33-351 Corinthians 15:5a
33So they rose that very hour and returned to Jerusalem, where they found the eleven gathered together with their companions,
34saying, “The Lord is risen indeed and has appeared to Simon!” 35Then they began describing what had happened on the road, and how Jesus had been made known to them in the breaking of bread. 5aand that he appeared to Cephas,
Section 178

Appearance to the ten assembled disciples

Jerusalem

Mark 16:14Luke 24:36-43John 20:19-25
14Later Jesus appeared to the eleven as they were reclining at the table, and he rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they had not believed those who had seen him after he had risen. 36As they were saying these things, Jesus himself stood among them and said to them, “Peace be with you.” 37But they were startled and terrified, thinking they had seen a spirit. 38Then he said to them, “Why are you troubled, and why are doubts arising in your hearts? 19In the evening of that day, the first day of the week, when the disciples were gathered together with the doors locked for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood among them and said to them, “Peace be with you.”
39Look at my hands and my feet and see that it is I myself. Touch me and look at me, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.” 40After saying this, he showed them his hands and his feet. 41And while they were still amazed and in disbelief because of their joy, he said to them, “Do you have anything here to eat?” 42So they gave him a piece of broiled fish and some honeycomb. 43And he took them and ate in their presence. 20aAfter saying this, he showed them his hands and his side,
20band the disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord. 21Again Jesus said to them, “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, so I am sending you.” 22After saying this, he breathed on them and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit. 23If you remit the sins of any, their sins are remitted0x3B if you retain the sins of any, their sins are retained.” 24Now Thomas (called Didymus), one of the twelve, was not with them when Jesus came. 25So the other disciples said to him, “We have seen the Lord.” But he said to them, “Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will certainly not believe.”
Section 179

Appearance to the eleven assembled disciples

Jerusalem

John 20:26-311 Corinthians 15:5b
26Eight days later, Jesus' disciples were again inside, and Thomas was with them. Although the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you.” 27Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here and look at my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Do not doubt but believe.” 28In response Thomas said to him, “My Lord and my God!” 29Then Jesus said to him, “Because you have seen me, have you come to believe? Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have come to believe.” 30Jesus performed many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book. 31But these have been written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name. 5band then to the twelve.
Section 180

Appearance to the seven disciples while fishing

By the Sea of Galilee

John 21:1-25
1After this Jesus again manifested himself to the disciples, by the Sea of Tiberias. He manifested himself in this way. 2Simon Peter, Thomas (called Didymus), Nathanael (from Cana of Galilee), the sons of Zebedee, and two of Jesus' other disciples were together. 3Simon Peter said to them, “I am going fishing.” They said to him, “We will go with you.” So they immediately went out and got into the boat, but that night they caught nothing. 4When daybreak came, Jesus stood on the shore, but the disciples did not know it was Jesus. 5Jesus said to them, “Children, have you caught any fish to eat?” They answered him, “No.” 6He said to them, “Cast the net on the right side of the boat, and you will find some.” So they cast it and were unable to draw it in because of the large number of fish. 7Then the disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, “It is the Lord!” When Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he put on his outer garment (for he had taken it off) and plunged into the sea. 8But the other disciples came in the small boat, dragging the net full of fish, for they were not far from shore, only about a hundred yards away. 9When they had gone ashore, they saw a charcoal fire there with a fish lying on it, and bread. 10Jesus said to them, “Bring some of the fish that you have just now caught.” 11So Simon Peter went aboard and drew the net ashore, full of large fish, one hundred fifty-three of them. Although there were so many, the net had not torn. 12Then Jesus said to them, “Come eat breakfast.” Now none of the disciples dared to ask him, “Who are you?” because they knew it was the Lord. 13Then Jesus came, took the bread, and gave it to them. He did likewise with the fish. 14This was now the third time that Jesus had been revealed to his disciples after he had been raised from the dead. 15When they had eaten breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, “Simon, son of Jonah, do you love me more than these?” Peter said to him, “Yes, Lord, you know that I care for you.” Jesus said to him, “Feed my lambs.” 16Jesus said to him a second time, “Simon, son of Jonah, do you love me?” Peter said to him, “Yes, Lord, you know that I care for you.” Jesus said to him, “Tend my sheep.” 17Then Jesus said to him the third time, “Simon, son of Jonah, do you care for me?” Peter was grieved that Jesus said to him the third time, “Do you care for me?” And he said to him, “Lord, you know everything0x3B you know that I care for you.” Jesus said to him, “Feed my sheep. 18Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were younger, you would dress yourself and walk wherever you wanted to go0x3B but when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands, and another will dress you and bring you where you do not want to go.” 19(He said this to indicate the kind of death by which Peter would glorify God.) After saying this, he said to Peter, “Follow me.” 20Then Peter turned around and saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following them (the one who had leaned back on Jesus' chest at the supper and said, “Lord, who is it that is going to betray you?”) 21When Peter saw him, he said to Jesus, “Lord, what about him?” 22Jesus said to him, “If I wish for him to remain until I come, what is that to you? You follow me!” 23So the rumor spread among the brothers that this disciple would not die. Yet Jesus did not tell him that he would not die0x3B he only said, “If I wish for him to remain until I come, what is that to you?” 24This is the disciple who is testifying about these things and who has written these things, and we know that his testimony is true. 25There are also many other things that Jesus did. If every one of them were to be written down, I suppose that not even the world itself would have room for the books that would be written. Amen.
Section 181

Appearance to the Eleven in Galilee

A mountain in Galilee

Matthew 28:16-20Mark 16:15-181 Corinthians 15:6
16Meanwhile, the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had directed them to go.
17When they saw him, they worshiped him, but some doubted. 18Then Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 6Next he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at once, most of whom are still living, but some have fallen asleep.
19Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” Amen. 15He said to them, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation.
16Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned. 17And these signs will accompany those who believe: They will cast out demons in my name, they will speak in new tongues, 18they will pick up serpents, and if they drink any deadly poison, it will certainly not harm them0x3B they will lay hands on the sick, and they will get well.”
Section 182

Appearance to James, Jesus' brother

1 Corinthians 15:7
7Next he appeared to James, then to all the apostles.
Section 183

Appearance to the disciples in Jerusalem

Jerusalem

Luke 24:44-49Acts 1:3-5
3He presented himself alive to them, after his suffering, by many convincing proofs, appearing to them over the course of forty days and speaking about the kingdom of God.
44Then he said to them, “These are the words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms must be fulfilled.” 45Then he opened their minds to understand the Scriptures 46and said to them, “Thus it is written, and thus it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead on the third day, 47and for repentance and remission of sins to be preached in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem.
48You are witnesses of these things. 49And behold, I am sending the promise of my Father upon you, but stay in the city of Jerusalem until you are clothed with power from on high.” 4While he was with them, he commanded them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, “Which,” he said, “you heard about from me. 5For John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.”
Section 184

Christ's parting blessing and departure

The Mount of Olives

Mark 16:19-20Luke 24:50-53Acts 1:6-12
50Then he led them out as far as Bethany, and lifting up his hands he blessed them. 6So when they had come together, they asked him, “Lord, are you going to restore the kingdom to Israel at this time?” 7He said to them, “It is not for you to know the times or seasons that the Father has set by his own authority, 8but you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will be witnesses to me in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”
19After the Lord had spoken to them, he was taken up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God. 51While he was blessing them, he parted from them and was carried up into heaven. 9After he said this, he was lifted up as they looked on, and a cloud took him out of their sight. 10As he went, they were gazing up into the sky, when behold, two men in white clothing were standing beside them. 11They said, “Men of Galilee, why are you standing here staring into the sky? This Jesus who was taken up from you into heaven will come back in the same way you have seen him go into heaven.”
52So they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy. 53And they were continually in the temple courts, praising and blessing God. Amen. 12Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day's journey away.
20Then the disciples went out and preached everywhere, while the Lord worked through them and confirmed the message by the signs that accompanied it. Amen.