Phase 5 – Leadership Multiplication
Develop your leaders for multiplication.
Table of contents
Section 53
Twelve apostles chosen
A mountain near the Sea of Galilee
Mark 3:13-19
Luke 6:12-16
13Afterward Jesus went up on the mountain and called for those whom he wanted, and they came to him. 14He appointed twelve so that they might be with him and so that he might send them out to preach 15and to have authority to heal diseases and cast out demons.
12One day soon afterward Jesus went out to the mountain to pray, and spent the whole night in prayer to God. 13When daybreak came, he called his disciples and chose twelve from among them, whom he also named apostles:
16He appointed Simon (whom he gave the name Peter); 17James the son of Zebedee and John the brother of James (whom he gave the name Boanerges, which means, Sons of Thunder); 18Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Cananite, 19and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.Then they entered a house,
14Simon (whom he also named Peter) and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew, 15Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon (who was called the Zealot), 16Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot (who became a traitor).
Section 54a
Setting of the sermon
A level place on the mountain
Matthew 5:1-2
Luke 6:17-19
1When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up on the mountain. And when he sat down, his disciples came to him. 2Then he opened his mouth and taught them, saying,
17Then Jesus came down with them and stood on a level place. A crowd of his disciples was there along with a great multitude of people from all Judea, Jerusalem, and the coastal region of Tyre and Sidon (who had come to hear him and to be healed of their diseases), 18as well as people who were harassed by unclean spirits. And they were healed. 19The entire crowd was trying to touch him, because power was coming out from him and healing them all.
Section 54b
Blessings of those who inherit the kingdom and woes to those who do not
Matthew 5:3-12
Luke 6:20-26
3“Blessed are the poor in spirit,for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 4Blessed are those who mourn,for they will be comforted. 5Blessed are the meek,for they will inherit the earth. 6Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,for they will be filled. 7Blessed are the merciful,for they will receive mercy. 8Blessed are the pure in heart,for they will see God. 9Blessed are the peacemakers,for they will be called sons of God. 10Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake,for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 11Blessed are you when others reproach you, persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account.
20Then he looked up at his disciples and said,“Blessed are you who are poor,for yours is the kingdom of God. 21Blessed are you who hunger now,for you will be filled.Blessed are you who weep now,for you will laugh. 22Blessed are you when others hate you, when they exclude you, reproach you, and spurn your name as evil on account of the Son of Man.
12Rejoice and be glad, for great is your reward in heaven; for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.
23Rejoice in that day and leap for joy, for behold, great is your reward in heaven, for their fathers treated the prophets in the same way. 24But woe to you who are rich,for you have received your comfort. 25Woe to you who are filled,for you will hunger.Woe to you who laugh now,for you will mourn and weep. 26Woe to you when others speak well of you, for their fathers treated the false prophets in the same way.
Section 54c
Responsibility while awaiting the kingdom
Matthew 5:13-16
13“You are the salt of the earth, but if salt loses its flavor, with what shall it be seasoned? It is no longer fit for anything but to be thrown out and trampled under people's feet. 14“You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden, 15nor do people light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on a lampstand, and it shines for all who are in the house. 16Let your light shine before others in such a way that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven.
Section 54d
Law, rigtheousness and the kingdom
Matthew 5:17-20
17“Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets. I have not come to abolish them, but to fulfill them. 18For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one letter or stroke of a letter will by any means pass from the law until all is accomplished. 19Therefore whoever does away with one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do likewise will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever practices them and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20For I tell you, unless your righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven.
Section 54e
Six contrasts in interpreting the law
Matthew 5:21-48
Luke 6:27-30, 32-36
21“You have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not murder,’ and, ‘Whoever murders will be subject to judgment.’ 22But I say to you that everyone who is rashly angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Whoever says to his brother, ‘You idiot,’ will be subject to the Sanhedrin. And whoever says, ‘You fool,’ will be subject to the fires of hell. 23So if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, 24leave your gift there before the altar and go. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift. 25Make friends with your adversary quickly while you are on the way with him, lest your adversary hand you over to the judge, and the judge hand you over to the guard, and you be thrown into prison. 26Truly I say to you, you will certainly not come out of there until you have paid the last penny. 27“You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ 28But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29So if your right eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out and throw it away from you. For it is better for you to have one of your members perish, than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. 30And if your right hand causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away from you. For it is better for you to have one of your members perish, than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. 31“It was also said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’ 32But I say to you that whoever divorces his wife, apart from a matter of fornication, makes her commit adultery. And whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery. 33“Again, you have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not break an oath, but shall keep your oaths to the Lord.’ 34But I say to you, do not swear at all, neither by heaven, for it is the throne of God; 35nor by the earth, for it is the footstool of his feet; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. 36Neither shall you swear by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black. 37But let your ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes’ and your ‘No’ be ‘No’; for whatever is more than these is from the evil one. 38“You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ 39But I say to you, do not resist one who is evil. Rather, if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. 40If anyone wants to sue you and take away your tunic, let him have your cloak also. 41And if anyone presses you into service for one mile, go with him two. 42Give to him who asks of you, and do not turn away from him who wants to borrow from you. 43“You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’
44But I say to you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you, 45so that you may be sons of your Father in heaven. For he makes his sun rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. 46For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? 47And if you greet only your friends, what are you doing that is out of the ordinary? Do not even the tax collectors do that?
27“But I say to you who are listening, love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, 28bless those who curse you, and pray for those who mistreat you. 29If anyone strikes you on one cheek, offer him the other also. If anyone takes away your cloak, do not withhold your tunic from him either. 30Give to everyone who asks of you, and if anyone takes away your belongings, do not demand them back.
32If you love those who love you, what benefit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them. 33And if you do good to those who do good to you, what benefit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. 34And if you lend to those from whom you expect to receive something back, what benefit is that to you? For even sinners lend to other sinners in order to receive back the same amount. 35But love your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them without expecting anything in return. Then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, for he is kind to the ungrateful and the evil.
48You therefore shall be perfect, just as your Father in heaven is perfect.
36Therefore be merciful, just as your Father is merciful.
Section 54f
Three hypocritical
Matthew 6:1-18
1“Be careful not to give to the needy in front of others to be seen by them, otherwise you have no reward with your Father in heaven. 2So when you give to the needy, do not sound a trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, so that they may be praised by others. Truly I say to you, they have received their reward. 3But when you give to the needy, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 4so that your giving may be in secret. Then your Father who sees in secret will himself reward you openly. 5“When you pray, do not be like the hypocrites. For they love to pray standing in the synagogues and at the street corners so that they may be seen by others. Truly I say to you, they have received their reward. 6But when you pray, go into your inner room, shut your door, and pray to your Father who is in secret. Then your Father who sees in secret will reward you openly. 7“And when you pray, do not babble on repetitiously like the Gentiles do, for they think they will be heard because of their use of many words. 8Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him. 9Pray then like this:Our Father in heaven,hallowed be your name. 10Your kingdom come.Your will be done,on earth as it is in heaven. 11Give us this day our daily bread. 12And forgive us our debts,as we forgive our debtors. 13And lead us not into temptation,but deliver us from evil.For yours is the kingdomand the power and the glory forever. Amen. 14For if you forgive others their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. 15But if you do not forgive others their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. 16“When you fast, do not be gloomy like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces so that they may be seen by others to be fasting. Truly I say to you, they have received their reward. 17But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, 18so that you may not be seen by others to be fasting, but by your Father who is in secret. Then your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
Section 54g
Three prohibitions against avarice, harsh judgment, and unwise exposure of sacred things
Matthew 6:19-7:6
Luke 6:37-42
19“Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. 20But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys, and where thieves do not break in or steal. 21For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. 22“The lamp of the body is the eye. If then your eye is clear, your whole body will be full of light. 23But if your eye is bad, your whole body will be full of darkness. If then the light within you is darkness, how great is the darkness! 24“No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money. 25“Therefore I tell you, do not be anxious about your life, what you will eat and what you will drink, or about your body, what you will wear. Is not life more than food and the body more than clothing? 26Look at the birds of the sky: They do not sow or reap or gather into barns, yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not of more value than they? 27Which of you by being anxious can add a single moment to your span of life? 28And why are you anxious about clothing? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow: They do not toil or spin, 29yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these. 30Now if God so clothes the grass of the field, which is alive today and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, will he not much more clothe you, O you of little faith? 31Therefore do not be anxious, saying, ‘What will we eat?’ or, ‘What will we drink?’ or, ‘What will we wear?’ 32For the Gentiles seek after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them all. 33But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you. 34“Therefore do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious about its own things. Sufficient for the day is its own trouble.
1“Do not judge, so that you will not be judged.
37“Do not judge, and you will certainly not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will certainly not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven.
2For with the judgment you pronounce you will be judged, and with the measure you use it will be measured to you.
38Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over, will be put into your lap. For with the same measure you use it will be measured to you in return.” 39He also told them a parable: “Can one blind person guide another? Will they not both fall into a pit? 40A disciple is not above his teacher, but everyone who is fully trained will be like his teacher.
3Why do you see the speck in your brother's eye, but do not consider the beam in your own eye? 4Or how will you say to your brother, ‘Let me take the speck out of your eye,’ when there is a beam in your own eye? 5Hypocrite! First take the beam out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye. 6“Do not give what is holy to dogs, and do not throw your pearls before pigs, lest they trample them with their feet, and then turn and tear you to pieces.
41Why do you see the speck in your brother's eye, but do not consider the beam in your own eye? 42Or how can you say to your brother, ‘Brother, let me take the speck out of your eye,’ when you yourself do not see the beam in your own eye? Hypocrite! First take the beam out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye.
Section 54h
Application and condusion
Matthew 7:7-27
Luke 6:31, 43-49
7“Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. 8For everyone who asks receives, and he who seeks finds, and to him who knocks it will be opened. 9Or what man is there among you, who, if his son asks him for bread, will give him a stone; 10and if he asks for a fish, will give him a serpent? 11If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give good things to those who ask him!
12“Therefore whatever you wish that others would do to you, do the same also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets. 13“Enter through the narrow gate, for wide is the gate, and broad is the way that leads to destruction, and there are many who enter through it. 14How narrow is the gate, and restricted the way that leads to life, and there are few who find it! 15“Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep's clothing but inwardly are ravenous wolves. 16By their fruits you will know them. Do people gather grapes from thorns, or figs from thistles? 17In the same way, every good tree produces good fruit, but a bad tree produces bad fruit.
31As you wish that others would do to you, do the same also to them.
18A good tree cannot produce bad fruit, neither can a bad tree produce good fruit. 19Every tree that does not produce good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20Therefore by their fruits you will know them. 21“Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only he who does the will of my Father in heaven. 22Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and in your name cast out demons, and in your name do many miracles?’ 23Then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from me, you who practice lawlessness.’
43“No good tree produces bad fruit, nor does a bad tree produce good fruit. 44Each tree is known by its own fruit. People do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they pick grapes from a bramble bush. 45The good person brings good things out of the good treasure of his heart, and the evil person brings evil things out of the evil treasure of his heart, for out of the abundance of his heart his mouth speaks. 46“Why do you call me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ and not do what I say?
24“Everyone then who hears these words of mine and does them I will compare to a wise man who built his house on the rock. 25The rain fell, the floods came, and the winds blew and beat on that house, but it did not fall, for it was founded on the rock. 26But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not do them will be compared to a foolish man who built his house on the sand. 27The rain fell, the floods came, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell, and great was its fall.”
47I will show you what someone is like who comes to me, hears my words, and acts on them. 48He is like a man building a house, who dug deep and laid a foundation on the rock. When a flood came, the river burst against that house but could not shake it, for it was founded on the rock. 49But he who hears my words and does not act accordingly is like a man who built a house on the ground without a foundation. As soon as the river burst against that house, it fell and was utterly destroyed.”
Section 54i
Reaction of the crowds
Matthew 7:28-8:1
28When Jesus finished saying these things, the crowds were astonished at his teaching, 29because he was teaching them as one who had authority, and not as the scribes. 1When Jesus came down from the mountain, large crowds followed him.
Section 55
A centurion's faith and the healing of his servant
Capernaum
Matthew 8:5-13
Luke 7:1-10
5When Jesus entered Capernaum, a centurion came to him and pleaded with him, 6saying, “Lord, my servant is lying paralyzed at home, suffering terribly.”
1When Jesus had finished saying all this in the hearing of the people, he entered Capernaum. 2There a centurion's servant, who was highly regarded by him, was sick and about to die. 3The centurion heard about Jesus and sent some Jewish elders to him, asking him to come and heal his servant. 4When they came to Jesus, they earnestly pleaded with him, saying, “This man is worthy to have you do this for him, 5for he loves our nation and built our synagogue for us.”
7Jesus said to him, “I will come and heal him.” 8But the centurion replied, “Lord, I am not worthy to have you enter under my roof, but just say the word, and my servant will be healed.
6So Jesus went with them. When he was not far from the house, the centurion sent friends to say to him, “Lord, do not trouble yourself, for I am not worthy to have you enter under my roof; 7therefore I did not even consider myself worthy to come to you. But just say the word, and my servant will be healed.
9For I too am a man under authority, with soldiers under me. I say to this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and to another, ‘Come,’ and he comes; and to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.”
8For I too am a man set under authority, with soldiers under me. I say to this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and to another, ‘Come,’ and he comes; and to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.”
10When Jesus heard this, he was amazed and said to those who followed, “Truly I say to you, not even in Israel have I found such great faith. 11I tell you that many will come from east and west, and recline with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob at the banquet table in the kingdom of heaven, 12but the sons of the kingdom will be cast into the outer darkness; in that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”
9When Jesus heard this, he was amazed at the centurion. And turning to the crowd that was following him, he said, “I tell you, not even in Israel have I found such great faith.”
13Then Jesus said to the centurion, “Go; it will be done for you just as you have believed.” And his servant was healed in that hour.
10Then the men the centurion had sent returned to the house and found that the servant who had been sick was well.
Section 56
A widow's son raised at Nain
Nain
Luke 7:11-17
11Soon afterward Jesus went to a town called Nain, and many of his disciples went with him, along with a large crowd. 12As he drew near to the gate of the town, behold, a man who had died was being carried out, the one and only son of his mother (who was a widow). And a large crowd from the town was with her. 13When the Lord saw her, he was moved with compassion for her and said to her, “Do not weep.” 14Then he came up and touched the bier, and those who were carrying it stood still. He said, “Young man, I say to you, arise!” 15So the dead man sat up and began to speak, and Jesus gave him back to his mother. 16Then all the people were filled with awe and began glorifying God, saying, “A great prophet has arisen among us,” and, “God has visited his people.” 17This news about Jesus then spread throughout Judea and all the surrounding region.
Section 57
John the Baptist's relationship to the kingdom
Galilee
Matthew 11:2-19
Luke 7:18-35
2Now when John heard in prison about the works Christ had done, he sent two of his disciples 3to ask him, “Are you the one who is to come, or should we wait for another?”
18John's disciples told him about all these things. 19So John called two of his disciples and sent them to ask Jesus, “Are you the one who is to come, or should we wait for another?” 20When the men came to him, they said, “John the Baptist has sent us to you to ask, ‘Are you the one who is to come, or should we wait for another?’ ” 21Now in that very hour Jesus had healed many people of diseases, afflictions, and evil spirits, and had given sight to many who were blind.
4Jesus answered them, “Go tell John what you hear and see: 5The blind receive their sight and the lame walk, lepers are made clean and the deaf hear, the dead are raised and the poor have good news preached to them. 6And blessed is anyone who does not take offense at me.” 7As these men went away, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken by the wind? 8What then did you go out to see? A man clothed in soft garments? Behold, those who wear soft garments are in the palaces of kings. 9But what did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more than a prophet. 10For this is the one of whom it is written,‘Behold, I am sending my messenger ahead of you,who will prepare your way before you.’ 11Truly I say to you, among those born of women there has arisen no one greater than John the Baptist, but whoever is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he. 12From the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven has been suffering violence, and the violent take it by force. 13For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John. 14And if you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah who is to come. 15He who has ears to hear, let him hear.
22So Jesus replied to John's disciples, “Go tell John what you have seen and heard: The blind receive their sight, the lame walk, lepers are made clean, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the poor have good news preached to them. 23And blessed is anyone who does not take offense at me.” 24When John's messengers had gone away, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken by the wind? 25What then did you go out to see? A man clothed in soft garments? Behold, those who are dressed in splendid clothing and who live in luxury are in royal palaces. 26But what did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more than a prophet. 27This is the one of whom it is written,‘Behold, I am sending my messenger ahead of you,who will prepare your way before you.’ 28For I tell you, among those born of women there is no prophet greater than John the Baptist, but whoever is least in the kingdom of God is greater than he.”
29(When all the people heard this, including the tax collectors, they acknowledged the justice of God, because they had been baptized with the baptism of John. 30But the Pharisees and the lawyers rejected the will of God for themselves, because they had not been baptized by John.)
16“But to what should I compare this generation? It is like children sitting in the marketplaces and calling out to their companions, 17‘We played the flute for you, but you did not dance;we sang a lament for you, but you did not mourn.’ 18For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon.’ 19The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, ‘Behold, a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ Yet wisdom is justified by her children.”
31“To what then should I compare the people of this generation, and what are they like? 32They are like children who sit in the marketplace and call out to one another,‘We played the flute for you, but you did not dance;we sang a lament for you, but you did not weep.’ 33For John the Baptist came neither eating bread nor drinking wine, and you say, ‘He has a demon.’ 34The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and you say, ‘Behold, a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ 35Yet wisdom is justified by all her children.”
Section 58
Woes upon Korazin and Bethsaida for failure to repent
Galilee
Matthew 11:20-30
20Then Jesus began to reproach the cities in which most of his miracles had been done, because they did not repent: 21“Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. 22But I tell you, it will be more tolerable on the day of judgment for Tyre and Sidon than for you. 23And you, Capernaum, who have been exalted to heaven, will be brought down to Hades. For if the miracles that were done in you had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. 24But I tell you, it will be more tolerable on the day of judgment for the land of Sodom than for you.” 25At that time Jesus said, “I praise you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and intelligent, and revealed them to infants. 26Yes, Father, for so it was well-pleasing in your sight. 27All things have been delivered to me by my Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son, and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him. 28Come to me, all of you who labor and are burdened, and I will give you rest. 29Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. 30For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.”
Section 59
Christ's feet anointed by a sinful but contrite woman
Galilee, in the house of Simon the Pharisee
Luke 7:36-50
36One of the Pharisees asked Jesus to eat with him, so he went into the Pharisee's house and reclined at the table. 37And behold, a woman in the city who was a sinner, when she found out that Jesus was reclining at the table in the Pharisee's house, brought an alabaster jar of ointment. 38As she stood behind him at his feet, weeping, she began to wet his feet with her tears. Then she wiped them with the hair of her head, kissed his feet, and anointed them with the ointment. 39When the Pharisee who had invited him saw it, he said to himself, “If this man were a prophet, he would know who is touching him and what kind of woman she is—that she is a sinner.” 40Jesus said to him in response, “Simon, I have something to say to you.” So he said, “Say it, Teacher.” 41“A certain moneylender had two debtors. The one owed five hundred denarii, and the other owed fifty. 42When they did not have the means to repay, he forgave the debts of them both. So tell me, which of them will love him more?” 43Simon answered, “I suppose that it would be the one for whom he forgave the larger debt.” Jesus said to him, “You have judged correctly.” 44Then he turned toward the woman and said to Simon, “Do you see this woman? When I came into your house, you did not give me water for my feet, but this woman has wet my feet with her tears and wiped them with the hair of her head. 45You did not give me a kiss, but from the time I came in, this woman has not stopped kissing my feet. 46You did not anoint my head with oil, but this woman has anointed my feet with ointment. 47Therefore I tell you, her many sins are forgiven; that is why she has shown great love. But he to whom little is forgiven shows little love.” 48Then Jesus said to her, “Your sins are forgiven.” 49But those who were reclining at the table with him began to say among themselves, “Who is this man that even forgives sins?” 50And Jesus said to the woman, “Your faith has saved you; go in peace.”
Section 60
A tour with the Twelve and other followers
Galilee
Luke 8:1-3
1Soon afterward Jesus was going through every city and village, preaching and proclaiming the good news of the kingdom of God. The twelve were with him, 2as well as some women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities: Mary (called Magdalene) from whom seven demons had gone out, 3Joanna the wife of Chuza (Herod's steward), Susanna, and many others. These women provided for Jesus and his disciples out of their own resources.
Section 61
Blasphemous accusation teachers of the law and by the Pharisees
Galilee
Matthew 12:22-37
Mark 3:20-30
20and a crowd came together again, so that Jesus and his disciples could not even eat bread. 21When his family heard about it, they went out to restrain him, for they said, “He is out of his mind.”
22Then a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute was brought to him, and Jesus healed him, so that the man who was blind and mute could speak and see. 23All the crowds were amazed and said, “Can this be the Son of David?”
24But when the Pharisees heard this, they said, “It is only by Beelzebul, the ruler of demons, that this man casts out demons.” 25Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and no city or house divided against itself will stand. 26So if Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then will his kingdom stand? 27And if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your followers cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 28But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.
22But the scribes who had come down from Jerusalem said, “He has Beelzebul,” and, “By the ruler of demons he casts out demons.” 23So Jesus called them over and said to them in parables, “How can Satan cast out Satan? 24If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. 25And if a house is divided against itself, that house cannot stand. 26And if Satan has risen up against himself and is divided, he cannot stand, but has come to an end.
29Or how can anyone enter the house of a strong man and plunder his goods unless he first binds the strong man? Then he will plunder his house. 30Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters. 31Therefore I tell you, people will be forgiven for every sin and blasphemy, but they will not be forgiven for blasphemy against the Spirit. 32Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, neither in the present age nor in the age to come. 33“Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree bad and its fruit bad, for by its fruit the tree is known. 34You brood of vipers, how can you speak good things, when you are evil? For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks. 35The good person brings good things out of his good treasure, and the evil person brings evil things out of his evil treasure. 36But I tell you, on the day of judgment people will give an account for every idle word they speak. 37For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”
27No one can enter the house of a strong man and plunder his goods unless he first binds the strong man. Then he can plunder his house. 28“Truly I say to you, all sins will be forgiven the sons of men, and whatever blasphemies they utter. 29But whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is subject to eternal judgment.” 30He said this because they were saying, “He has an unclean spirit.”
Section 62
Request for a sign refused
Galilee
Matthew 12:38-45
38Then some of the scribes and Pharisees responded, “Teacher, we want to see a sign from you.” 39But Jesus answered them, “An evil and adulterous generation asks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah the prophet. 40For just as Jonah was in the belly of the great sea creature for three days and three nights, so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights. 41The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here. 42The queen of the South will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and behold, something greater than Solomon is here. 43“When an unclean spirit has gone out of a person, it goes through waterless places seeking rest, but does not find any. 44Then it says, ‘I will return to my house from which I came out.’ When it arrives, it finds the house unoccupied, swept, and put in order. 45Then it goes and takes with it seven other spirits more evil than itself, and they go in and dwell there, and the last state of that person becomes worse than the first. So will it be with this evil generation also.”
Section 63
Announcement of new spiritual kinship
Galilee
Matthew 12:46-50
Mark 3:31-35
Luke 8:19-21
46While Jesus was still speaking to the crowds, behold, his mother and his brothers stood outside, asking to speak to him. 47Then someone said to him, “Behold, your mother and your brothers are standing outside, asking to speak to you.” 48But he replied to the one who spoke to him, “Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?” 49And stretching out his hand toward his disciples, he said, “Behold, my mother and my brothers! 50For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother and sister and mother.”
31Then Jesus' brothers and mother came, and standing outside, they sent word to him and called for him. 32There was a crowd sitting around Jesus, and they said to him, “Behold, your mother, your brothers, and your sisters are outside looking for you.” 33But he answered them, “Who is my mother, or my brothers?” 34And looking around in a circle at the people sitting there, he said, “Behold, these are my mother and my brothers! 35For whoever does the will of God is my brother and my sister and mother.”
19Then Jesus' mother and brothers came to him, but they were not able to reach him because of the crowd. 20So some people told him, “Your mother and your brothers are standing outside, wishing to see you.” 21But he answered them, “My mother and my brothers are those who hear the word of God and obey it.”
Section 64a
The setting of the parables
Matthew 13:1-3a
Mark 4:1-2
Luke 8:4
1On that day Jesus went out of the house and sat by the sea, 2and large crowds gathered around him. So he got into the boat and sat down, while the entire crowd stood on the shore. 3aThen he told them many things in parables, saying,
1Once again Jesus began to teach by the sea, and a large crowd was gathered around him. So he got into the boat and sat in it on the sea, while the entire crowd was beside the sea on the shore. 2Then he taught them many things in parables, and in his teaching he said to them,
4As a large crowd was gathering and people were coming to Jesus from town after town, he spoke by way of a parable:
Section 64b
The parable of the soils
Matthew 13:3b-23
Mark 4:3-25
Luke 8:5-18
3b“Behold, a sower went out to sow. 4As he sowed, some seeds fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured them. 5Other seeds fell on rocky ground, where they did not have much soil, and they sprang up immediately because they had no depth of soil. 6But when the sun rose, they were scorched. And because they had no root, they withered away.
3“Listen! A sower went out to sow. 4As he sowed, some seed fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured it. 5Other seed fell on rocky ground, where it did not have much soil, and it sprang up immediately because it had no depth of soil. 6But when the sun rose, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away.
5“A sower went out to sow his seed. As he sowed, some seed fell along the path and was trampled underfoot, and the birds of the sky devoured it. 6Other seed fell on the rock, and as it grew up, it withered away because it had no moisture.
7Other seeds fell among the thorns, and the thorns grew up and choked them.
7Other seed fell among the thorns, and the thorns grew up and choked it, and it produced no fruit.
7Other seed fell among the thorns, and the thorns grew up with it and choked it.
8But other seeds fell on good soil and produced fruit, some a hundred, some sixty, and some thirty times more than what was sown. 9He who has ears to hear, let him hear.”
8But other seed fell into good soil and produced fruit that grew and increased; some bore thirty, some sixty, and some a hundred times more than what was sown.” 9Then he said, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear.”
8But other seed fell into good soil, and when it grew, it produced a hundred times more than what was sown.” As he said this, he called out, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear.”
10Then the disciples came and said to him, “Why do you speak to the people in parables?” 11Jesus answered them, “To you it has been given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given. 12For whoever has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. But whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. 13That is why I speak to them in parables, because ‘they see but do not perceive, and they hear but do not listen or understand.’
10When he was alone, those who were around him, along with the twelve, asked him about the parable. 11So he said to them, “To you it has been given to know the mystery of the kingdom of God, but to those who are outside everything is said in parables,
9Then his disciples asked him, “What does this parable mean?” 10aHe said, “To you it has been given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God, but to the rest I speak in parables, so that
14In them is fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah, which says,‘You will hear but never understand,and you will see but never perceive. 15For the heart of this people has become dull;with their ears they have barely heard,and their eyes they have closed,lest they should see with their eyes,hear with their ears,and understand with their heart and turn back,and I would heal them.’ 16But blessed are your eyes because they see, and your ears because they hear. 17For truly I say to you, many prophets and righteous people desired to see the things you see but did not see them, and to hear the things you hear but did not hear them.
12so that‘they may see but not perceive,and hear but not understand,lest they should turn back and their sins be forgiven them.’ ”
10bthey may see but not perceive, and hear but not understand.’
18“Hear then the parable of the sower: 19When anyone hears the word of the kingdom and does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what was sown in his heart. This is the seed sown along the path. 20The seed sown on rocky ground is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy. 21Yet he has no root in himself, but is only temporary. When tribulation or persecution arises on account of the word, he immediately falls away. 22The seed sown among the thorns is he who hears the word, but the cares of this world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word, and it becomes unfruitful. 23But the seed sown on the good soil is he who hears the word and understands it, who bears fruit and produces a hundred, sixty, or thirty times more than what was sown.”
13Then he said to them, “Do you not understand this parable? How then will you understand all the other parables? 14The sower sows the word. 15Now some people are like the seed along the path, where the word is sown. When they hear, Satan immediately comes and takes away the word that is sown in their hearts. 16Likewise, some people are like the seed sown on rocky ground. When they hear the word, they immediately receive it with joy. 17Yet they have no root in themselves, but are only temporary. When tribulation or persecution arises on account of the word, they immediately fall away. 18Others are like the seed sown among the thorns. They hear the word, 19but the cares of this world, the deceitfulness of riches, and the desire for other things enter in and choke the word, and it becomes unfruitful. 20But others are like the seed sown on the good soil. They hear the word, receive it, and bear fruit—some thirty, some sixty, and some a hundred times more than what was sown.”
11“Now this is the meaning of the parable: The seed is the word of God. 12The ones along the path are those who hear; then the devil comes and takes away the word from their heart, so that they may not believe and be saved. 13The ones on the rock are those who, when they hear the word, receive it with joy. Yet they have no root; they believe for a while, but in a time of testing they fall away. 14The seed that fell among the thorns are those who have heard, but as they go on their way they are choked by the cares, riches, and pleasures of this life, and their fruit does not mature. 15But the seed in the good soil are those who hear the word, hold fast to it with an honest and good heart, and bear fruit with patient endurance.
21He also said to them, “Is a lamp brought in to be put under a basket, or under a bed? Is it not brought in to be set on a lampstand? 22For there is nothing hidden that will not be made manifest, nor has anything been made secret, but that it may come to light. 23If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear.” 24Then he said to them, “Consider what you hear. With the measure you use it will be measured to you, and more will be added to you who hear. 25For whoever has will be given more, but whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him.”
16“No one lights a lamp and covers it with a container or puts it under a bed. Instead, it is put on a lampstand, so that those who come in may see its light. 17For nothing is hidden that will not be made manifest, nor is anything hidden away that will not be made known and come to light. 18Therefore consider how you hear, for whoever has will be given more, but whoever does not have, even what he thinks he has will be taken away from him.”
Section 64c
The parable of the seed's spontaneous growth
Mark 4:26-29
26He also said, “The kingdom of God is like a man who scatters seed on the ground. 27He sleeps and rises night and day, and the seed sprouts and grows; he does not know how. 28For the earth produces a crop by itself, first the stalk, then the head, then the full grain in the head. 29When the crop is ready, the man immediately sends in the sickle, for the harvest has come.”
Section 64d
The parable of the weeds
Matthew 13:24-30
24Jesus presented another parable to them, saying, “The kingdom of heaven may be compared to a person who sowed good seed in his field, 25but while people were sleeping, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and then went away. 26When the plants sprouted and produced grain, the tares also appeared. 27So the servants of the master of the house came and said to him, ‘Master, did you not sow good seed in your field? How then does it have tares?’ 28He said to them, ‘An enemy has done this.’ So the servants said to him, ‘Do you want us to go and gather them up?’ 29He said, ‘No, lest in gathering the tares you uproot the wheat with them. 30Let them both grow together until the harvest, and at the time of the harvest I will say to the reapers, “Gather the tares first and bind them into bundles to burn them up, but gather the wheat into my barn.” ’ ”
Section 64e
The parable of the mustard tree
Matthew 13:31-32
Mark 4:30-32
31He presented another parable to them, saying, “The kingdom of heaven is like a grain of mustard seed that a man took and sowed in his field, 32which is indeed smaller than all the seeds, but when it is grown, it is larger than the garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the sky come and nest in its branches.”
30Then Jesus said, “To what can we compare the kingdom of God? Or what parable can we use to describe it? 31It is like a grain of mustard seed, which, when it is sown on the ground, is smaller than all the seeds on earth. 32Yet when it is sown, it grows and becomes larger than all the garden plants and produces large branches, so that the birds of the sky can nest in its shade.”
Section 64f
The parable of the leavened loaf
Matthew 13:33-35
Mark 4:33-34
33He spoke to them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like leaven that a woman took and mixed into three measures of flour until it had all been leavened.”
34All these things Jesus spoke to the crowds in parables; he did not speak to them without using a parable. 35This was to fulfill what had been spoken through the prophet:“I will open my mouth in parables;I will declare things hidden from the foundation of the world.”
33With many similar parables he spoke the word to them, to the extent that they were able to understand it. 34He did not speak to them without using a parable, but privately he explained everything to his disciples.
Section 64g
The parable of the weeds explained
Matthew 13:36-43
36Then Jesus left the crowds and went into the house, and his disciples came to him and said, “Explain to us the parable of the tares of the field.” 37He answered them, “He who sows the good seed is the Son of Man. 38The field is the world, and the good seeds are the sons of the kingdom. The tares are the sons of the evil one, 39and the enemy who sowed them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the reapers are angels. 40Therefore, just as the tares are gathered and burned with fire, so it will be at the end of this age. 41The Son of Man will send his angels, and they will gather out of his kingdom all stumbling blocks and those who practice lawlessness. 42They will throw them into the fiery furnace. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 43Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. He who has ears to hear, let him hear.
Section 64h
The parable of the hidden treasure
Matthew 13:44
44“Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a treasure hidden in a field, which a man found and hid, and out of his joy he went and sold all that he had and bought that field.
Section 64i
The parable of the valuable pearl
Matthew 13:45-46
45“Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant seeking fine pearls. 46When he found one pearl of great price, he went and sold all that he had and bought it.
Section 64j
The parable of the net
Matthew 13:47-50
47“Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a dragnet that was cast into the sea and gathered together fish of every kind. 48When it was full, the fishermen drew it to shore. Then they sat down and gathered the good fish into containers, but the bad ones they threw out. 49So it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come and separate the evil from the righteous 50and throw them into the fiery furnace. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”
Section 64k
The parable of the house owner
Matthew 13:51-53
51Jesus said to them, “Have you understood all these things?” They said to him, “Yes, Lord.” 52Then he said to them, “Therefore every scribe that has been trained as a disciple for the kingdom of heaven is like a master of a house who brings out of his treasure things new and old.” 53When Jesus had finished these parables, he departed from there.
Section 65
Crossing the lake and calming the storm
On the Sea of Galilee
Matthew 8:18, 23-27
Mark 4:35-41
Luke 8:22-25
18When Jesus saw the large crowds around him, he gave orders to depart to the other side of the sea.
35On that day, when evening came, Jesus said to his disciples, “Let us cross over to the other side of the sea.”
22One day Jesus got into a boat with his disciples and said to them, “Let us cross over to the other side of the lake.” So they set out,
23Then he got into the boat, and his disciples followed him. 24And behold, a great storm arose on the sea, so that the boat was being swamped by the waves. But Jesus was asleep.
36So they left the crowd and took him with them in the boat, just as he was. Other little boats were also with him. 37Now a great windstorm arose, and the waves were beating against the boat, so that it was nearly swamped. 38aBut Jesus was in the stern, asleep on a cushion.
23and as they were sailing along, he fell asleep. Then a windstorm came down on the lake, and they were in danger as the boat was being swamped by the waves.
25So the disciples came to him and woke him, saying, “Lord, save us! We are perishing!” 26But he said to them, “Why are you afraid, O you of little faith?” Then he rose and rebuked the winds and the sea, and there was a great calm.
38bSo they woke him up and said to him, “Teacher, do you not care that we are perishing?” 39Then he woke up and rebuked the wind and said to the sea, “Peace! Be still!” So the wind ceased, and there was a great calm. 40Then he said to them, “Why are you so afraid? How is it that you have no faith?”
24So they came to Jesus and woke him up, saying, “Master, Master, we are perishing!” Then he rose and rebuked the wind and the raging water. They ceased, and all was calm. 25aThen he said to his disciples, “Where is your faith?”
27And the men were amazed, saying, “What kind of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him?”
41And they were filled with great fear and said to one another, “Who then is this, that even the wind and the sea obey him?”
25bBut they were afraid and amazed, saying to one another, “Who then is this, that he commands even the winds and the water, and they obey him?”
Section 66
Healing the Gerasene demoniacs end resultant opposition
The Region of the Gerasenes
Matthew 8:28-34
Mark 5:1-20
Luke 8:26-39
28When Jesus came to the other side of the sea, to the region of the Gergesenes, two demon-possessed men met him, coming out of the tombs. They were so fierce that no one could pass by that way.
1Then they came to the other side of the sea, to the region of the Gadarenes. 2As Jesus got out of the boat, he was immediately met by a man from the tombs who had an unclean spirit. 3This man lived among the tombs, and no one could bind him, not even with chains. 4For he had often been bound with shackles and chains, but he tore the chains apart and broke the shackles in pieces. No one was strong enough to subdue him. 5Night and day, on the mountains and among the tombs, he would continually cry out and cut himself with stones.
26Then they sailed to the region of the Gadarenes, which is across the lake from Galilee. 27When Jesus stepped ashore, he was met by a man from the city who had been possessed by demons for a long time. This man did not wear clothes or live in a house but among the tombs.
29And behold, they cried out, “What do you have to do with us, Jesus, Son of God? Have you come here to torment us before the time?”
6When he saw Jesus from a distance, he ran and bowed down before him. 7Then he cried out with a loud voice and said, “What do you have to do with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I adjure you by God, do not torment me.” 8For Jesus had said to him, “Come out of the man, you unclean spirit!” 9Then Jesus asked him, “What is your name?” He answered, “My name is Legion, for we are many.” 10And he earnestly begged Jesus not to send them out of that region.
28When he saw Jesus, he cried out, fell down before him, and said with a loud voice, “What do you have to do with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I beg you, do not torment me.” 29For Jesus had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man. Many times it had seized him, and he would be bound with chains and shackles and kept under guard, but he would break the chains and be driven by the demon into desolate places. 30Jesus then asked him, “What is your name?” He said, “Legion,” for many demons had entered him. 31And he begged Jesus not to command them to go away into the abyss.
30Now at a distance from them there was a herd of many pigs feeding. 31So the demons begged Jesus, “If you cast us out, let us go into the herd of pigs.” 32He said to them, “Go.” So they came out and went into the herd of pigs, and behold, the whole herd of pigs rushed down the steep bank into the sea and died in the water. 33Those who had been feeding the pigs then ran off, went into the city, and reported everything, including what had happened to the demon-possessed men. 34aAnd behold, the whole city went out to meet Jesus.
11Now there was a large herd of pigs feeding there near the mountain. 12All the demons begged Jesus, “Send us into the pigs, so that we may go into them.” 13So he immediately gave them permission, and the unclean spirits came out and went into the pigs. Then the herd, about two thousand in number, rushed down the steep bank into the sea, and were drowned in the sea. 14Those who had been feeding the pigs then ran off and reported it in the city and in the countryside. So the people went out to see what had happened. 15They came to Jesus and saw the man who had been possessed by demons sitting there, clothed and in his right mind—the man who had been possessed by the “Legion”—and they were afraid. 16Those who had seen it told them what had happened to the man who had been possessed by demons, and they also told them about the pigs.
32Now there was a herd of many pigs feeding there on the mountain. The demons begged Jesus to permit them to enter the pigs. So he gave them permission. 33Then the demons came out of the man and went into the pigs, and the herd rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned. 34When those who had been feeding the pigs saw what happened, they ran off and reported it in the city and in the countryside. 35So the people came out to see what had happened. When they came to Jesus, they found the man from whom the demons had gone out sitting at Jesus' feet, clothed and in his right mind, and they were afraid. 36Those who had seen it told them how the demon-possessed man had been delivered.
34bAnd when they saw him, they begged him to depart from their region.
17Then the people began begging Jesus to depart from their region. 18When Jesus got into the boat, the man who had been possessed by demons begged to go with him. 19But Jesus did not permit him to do so. Instead, he said to him, “Go to your house and to your people, and report to them all that the Lord has done for you and how he has had mercy on you.” 20So the man went away and began to proclaim in the Decapolis all that Jesus had done for him, and all the people were amazed.
37Then the entire multitude from the surrounding region of the Gadarenes asked Jesus to depart from them, for they were seized with great fear. So he got into the boat and left. 38Now the man from whom the demons had gone out begged to go with him. But Jesus sent him away, saying, 39“Return to your house, and declare all that God has done for you.” So the man went away, proclaiming throughout the entire city all that Jesus had done for him.
Section 67
Return to Galilee, healing of woman who touched Jesus' garment, and raising of Jairus's daughter
By the Sea of Galilee
Matthew 9:18-26
Mark 5:21-43
Luke 8:40-56
18As he said these things to them, behold, a ruler came and bowed down before him, saying, “My daughter has just now died, but come and lay your hand on her, and she will live.”
21When Jesus had again crossed over in the boat to the other side of the sea, a large crowd was gathered around him, and he was by the sea. 22And behold, one of the rulers of the synagogue came, whose name was Jairus. When he saw Jesus, he fell down at his feet 23and begged him earnestly, “My little daughter is at the point of death. Please come and lay your hands on her so that she may be healed, and she will live.”
40Now when Jesus returned, the crowd welcomed him, for they had all been waiting for him. 41And behold, there came a man named Jairus, who was a ruler of the synagogue. He fell down at Jesus' feet and begged him to come to his house, 42abecause he had an only daughter, about twelve years old, and she was dying.
19So Jesus rose and followed him, and so did his disciples. 20aAnd behold, a woman who had suffered from a flow of blood for twelve years
24So Jesus went with him, and a large crowd followed him and pressed in on him. 25Now there was a woman who had suffered from a flow of blood for twelve years. 26She had suffered a great deal under many physicians and had spent all she had, yet received no benefit from it, but had only grown worse.
42bAs Jesus went on his way, the crowds were pressing in on him. 43Now there was a woman who had suffered from a flow of blood for twelve years, and even though she had spent her entire livelihood on physicians, she could not be healed by anyone.
20bcame up behind him and touched the fringe of his garment. 21For she said to herself, “If only I touch his garment, I will be healed.”
27When she heard about Jesus, she came up behind him in the crowd and touched his garment. 28For she said, “If I touch even his garments, I will be healed.” 29Immediately her flow of blood was dried up, and she knew in her body that she had been healed from her affliction. 30Jesus immediately perceived in himself that power had gone out from him, so he turned around in the crowd and said, “Who touched my garments?”
44She came up behind Jesus and touched the fringe of his garment, and the flow of her blood stopped at once.
31His disciples said to him, “You see the crowd pressing in on you, and yet you say, ‘Who touched me?’ ” 32But he kept looking around to see who had done it.
45Then Jesus said, “Who touched me?” When everyone denied it, Peter and those who were with him said, “Master, the crowds are surrounding you and pressing against you, and yet you say, ‘Who touched me?’ ” 46But Jesus said, “Someone touched me, for I know that power has gone out from me.”
22But when Jesus turned around and saw her, he said, “Take courage, daughter; your faith has healed you.” And the woman was healed from that hour.
33Now the woman was frightened and trembling, knowing what had happened to her, so she came and fell down before him and told him the whole truth. 34Then Jesus said to her, “Daughter, your faith has healed you. Go in peace, and be healed of your affliction.”
47When the woman saw that she could not escape notice, she came trembling and fell down before him, and in the presence of all the people she told him the reason why she had touched him, and how she had been healed at once. 48Then Jesus said to her, “Take courage, daughter; your faith has healed you. Go in peace.”
35While he was still speaking, some people came from the ruler of the synagogue's house and said, “Your daughter has died; why trouble the teacher any further?” 36But when Jesus heard what they said, he immediately said to the ruler of the synagogue, “Do not be afraid; only believe.” 37From that point he did not allow anyone to accompany him except Peter, James, and John the brother of James. 38When he came to the ruler of the synagogue's house, he saw a commotion, people weeping and wailing loudly.
49While he was still speaking, someone came from the ruler of the synagogue's house and said to him, “Your daughter has died; do not trouble the teacher.” 50But when Jesus heard this, he said to him in response, “Do not be afraid; only believe, and she will be healed.” 51When he came to the house, Jesus allowed no one to go in, except Peter, John, James, and the child's father and mother. 52Meanwhile, all the people were weeping and mourning for her, but Jesus said, “Do not weep; she is not dead but sleeping.”
23When Jesus came to the house of the ruler and saw the flute players and the crowd making a commotion, 24he said to them, “Go away, for the girl is not dead but sleeping.” And they began laughing at him.
39Then he went in and said to them, “Why are you making a commotion and weeping? The child is not dead but sleeping.” 40And they began laughing at him. But he put them all outside, took the child's father and mother and those who were with him, and went in to where the child was lying down.
53And they began laughing at him, knowing that she was dead.
25But when the crowd had been put outside, he went in and took hold of the girl's hand, and she arose.
41Then he took hold of the child's hand and said to her, “Talitha koumi,” which means, “Little girl, I say to you, arise.” 42Immediately the girl got up and began to walk (for she was twelve years old), and they were overcome with great amazement.
54But Jesus put them all outside, took hold of the girl's hand, and called out, “Child, arise!” 55Her spirit returned, and she got up at once. Then he told them to give her something to eat.
Section 68
Three miracles of healing and another blasphemous accusation
Galilee
Matthew 9:27-34
27As Jesus went on from there, two blind men followed him, crying out, “Have mercy on us, Son of David!” 28When he went into the house, the blind men came to him, and Jesus said to them, “Do you believe that I am able to do this?” They said to him, “Yes, Lord.” 29Then he touched their eyes, saying, “Let it be done for you according to your faith.” 30And their eyes were opened. Then Jesus sternly warned them, “See that no one knows about this.” 31But they went out and spread the news about him throughout that entire region. 32As they were going away, behold, a mute man possessed by a demon was brought to Jesus. 33When the demon was cast out, the mute man spoke, and the crowds were amazed, saying, “Such a thing has never been seen in Israel.” 34But the Pharisees said, “By the ruler of demons he casts out demons.”
Section 69
Final visit to unbelieving Nazareth
Nazareth
Matthew 13:54-58
Mark 6:1-6a
54Then he went to his hometown and taught the people in their synagogue. They were astonished and said, “Where did this man get this wisdom and these miraculous powers?
1Then Jesus left that place and went to his hometown, and his disciples followed him. 2When the Sabbath came, he began to teach in the synagogue, and many who heard him were astonished, saying, “Where did this man get these things? And what is this wisdom that has been given to him, that such miracles are done by his hands?
55Is this not the carpenter's son? Is not his mother's name Mary, and are not his brothers James, Joses, Simon, and Judas? 56Are not all his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all these things?” 57And they took offense at him. Then Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor except in his hometown and in his own household.” 58And he did not do many miracles there because of their unbelief.
3Is this not the carpenter, the son of Mary, and the brother of James, Joses, Judas, and Simon? Are not his sisters here with us?” And they took offense at him. 4Then Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor except in his hometown, among his relatives, and in his own household.” 5So he could do no miracle there, except that he laid his hands on a few sick people and healed them. 6aAnd he was amazed at their unbelief.
Section 70a
Shortage of workers
Galilee
Matthew 9:35-38
Mark 6:6b
35Then Jesus went throughout all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every disease and every sickness among the people. 36When he saw the crowds, he was moved with compassion for them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd. 37Then he said to his disciples, “The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. 38Therefore ask the Lord of the harvest to send out workers into his harvest.”
6bThen Jesus went around among the villages teaching.
Section 70b
Commissioning of the Twelve
Galilee
Matthew 10:1-42
Mark 6:7-11
Luke 9:1-5
1Then Jesus summoned his twelve disciples and gave them authority to cast out unclean spirits and to heal every disease and every sickness. 2Now these are the names of the twelve apostles: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, who was given the name Thaddaeus; 4Simon the Cananite, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. 5These twelve Jesus sent out, instructing them, “Do not go anywhere among the Gentiles, and do not enter any town of the Samaritans, 6but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 7As you go, preach that the kingdom of heaven has drawn near. 8Heal the sick, cleanse lepers, and cast out demons. Freely you have received; freely give.
7He summoned the twelve and began to send them out two by two, giving them authority over unclean spirits.
1Then Jesus called the twelve together and gave them power and authority over all demons and to heal diseases, 2and he sent them to proclaim the kingdom of God and to heal the sick.
9Take no gold, silver, or copper in your belts. 10Take no knapsack for your journey, no extra tunic, sandals, or staffs, for the worker is worthy of his food. 11Whenever you enter a town or village, inquire who in it is worthy, and stay there until you leave that place. 12As you enter the house, greet the people who live there. 13If the household is worthy, let your peace come upon it; but if it is not worthy, let your peace return to you.
8He instructed them to take nothing for their journey except a staff—no knapsack, no bread, and no copper money in their belts. 9He told them to wear sandals but not an extra tunic. 10He also said to them, “Whenever you enter a house, stay there until you leave that place.
3He said to them, “Take nothing for your journey, neither staffs, knapsack, bread, nor money; and bring only one tunic each. 4Whatever house you enter, stay there until you leave that place.
14If anyone will not receive you or listen to your words, shake off the dust from your feet as you go out from that house or town. 15Truly I say to you, it will be more tolerable on the day of judgment for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah than for that town. 16“Behold, I am sending you out like sheep in the midst of wolves, so be as wise as serpents and as innocent as doves.
11If anyone will not receive you or listen to you, shake the dust off your feet as you leave that place, as a testimony against them. Truly I say to you, it will be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that city.”
5If any will not receive you, shake off the very dust from your feet as you leave that town, as a testimony against them.”
17But beware of men, for they will deliver you up to councils and flog you in their synagogues. 18For my sake you will even be brought before governors and kings as witnesses to them and to the Gentiles. 19When they hand you over, do not be anxious about how to speak or what to say, for what you are to say will be given to you in that hour. 20For it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. 21Brother will deliver up brother to death, and a father his child, and children will rise up against their parents and have them put to death. 22You will be hated by all because of my name, but he who endures to the end will be saved. 23When they persecute you in one town, flee to another, for truly I say to you, you will certainly not finish going through the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes. 24“A disciple is not above his teacher, nor is a servant above his master. 25It is sufficient for the disciple that he should be like his teacher, and the servant like his master. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more will they malign the members of his household? 26“So do not be afraid of them, for there is nothing covered that will not be revealed, and nothing hidden that will not be made known. 27What I tell you in the darkness, speak in the light; and what you hear whispered in your ear, proclaim on the housetops. 28Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul, but rather fear him who can destroy both the soul and the body in hell. 29Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground without your Father's consent. 30And even the hairs of your head are all numbered. 31So do not be afraid; you are of more value than many sparrows. 32“Therefore everyone who acknowledges me before men, I will also acknowledge before my Father in heaven. 33But whoever denies me before men, I will also deny before my Father in heaven. 34“Do not think that I have come to bring peace to the earth. I have not come to bring peace, but a sword. 35For I have come to set a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. 36And a man's enemies will be the members of his own household. 37Whoever loves his father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; whoever loves his son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. 38And whoever does not take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me. 39Whoever finds his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it. 40“Whoever receives you receives me, and whoever receives me receives him who sent me. 41Whoever receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive a prophet's reward; whoever receives a righteous person in the name of a righteous person will receive a righteous person's reward. 42And whoever gives one of these little ones even a cup of cold water to drink in the name of a disciple, truly I say to you, he will certainly not lose his reward.”
Section 70c
Workers sent out
Galilee
Matthew 11:1
Mark 6:12-13
Luke 9:6
1When Jesus had finished instructing his twelve disciples, he departed from there to teach and preach in their cities.
12So they went out and preached that people should repent. 13They also cast out many demons and anointed with oil many who were sick and healed them.
6So they set out and went throughout the villages, preaching the gospel and healing people everywhere.
Section 71a
Antipas's mistaken identification of Jesus
Matthew 14:1-2
Mark 6:14-16
Luke 9:7-9
1At that time Herod the tetrarch heard the report about Jesus 2and said to his servants, “This is John the Baptist; he has been raised from the dead, and that is why these mighty powers are at work in him.”
14Now King Herod heard about this, for Jesus' name had become known, and he said, “John the Baptist has been raised from the dead, and that is why these mighty powers are at work in him.” 15Others said, “He is Elijah.” And others said, “He is a prophet, like one of the prophets.” 16But when Herod heard this, he said, “This is John, whom I beheaded; he has been raised from the dead.”
7Now Herod the tetrarch heard about everything that Jesus was doing, and he was greatly perplexed, because some were saying that John had been raised from the dead, 8others were saying that Elijah had appeared, and others were saying that one of the ancient prophets had risen. 9But Herod said, “John I beheaded; who then is this man about whom I hear such things?” So he was looking for an opportunity to see him.
Section 71b
Earlier imprisonment and beheading of John the Baptist
Perhaps Tiberias
Matthew 14:3-12
Mark 6:17-29
3For Herod had arrested John, bound him, and put him in prison on account of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife. 4For John had been saying to him, “It is not lawful for you to have her.” 5Although Herod wanted to kill John, he was afraid of the crowd, because they regarded John as a prophet.
17For Herod himself had sent men to arrest John and chain him in prison on account of Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, whom Herod had married. 18For John had been saying to Herod, “It is not lawful for you to have your brother's wife.” 19So Herodias held a grudge against John and wanted to kill him, but she was not able to do so. 20For Herod feared John, knowing that he was a righteous and holy man, and he protected him. When Herod listened to John, he would listen to him gladly and do many things. 21But an opportune day came. On his birthday Herod prepared a banquet for his nobles, military commanders, and the prominent men of Galilee.
6But when Herod's birthday was celebrated, the daughter of Herodias danced before the guests and pleased Herod. 7So he promised with an oath to give her whatever she might ask.
22When the daughter of Herodias came in and danced, she pleased Herod and his guests. So the king said to the girl, “Ask me for whatever you wish, and I will give it to you.” 23He swore to her, “Whatever you ask me, I will give to you, up to half of my kingdom.” 24So she went out and said to her mother, “What should I ask for?” Her mother said, “The head of John the Baptist.”
8Prompted by her mother, she said, “Give me here on a platter the head of John the Baptist.” 9The king was grieved, but because of his oaths and his guests, he commanded it to be given 10and sent orders to have John beheaded in the prison. 11John's head was brought on a platter and given to the girl, and she brought it to her mother. 12Later, John's disciples came and took his body and buried it. Then they went and brought word to Jesus.
25Immediately the girl came in with haste to the king and made her request, saying, “I want you to give me at once the head of John the Baptist on a platter.” 26Although the king was very sad, because of his oaths and his guests, he did not want to reject her. 27So the king immediately sent an executioner and commanded that John's head be brought back. 28The executioner then went and beheaded John in the prison, brought his head on a platter, and gave it to the girl. And the girl gave it to her mother. 29When John's disciples heard about it, they came and took his body and laid it in a tomb.
Section 72b
Withdrawal from Galilee
Galilee → Bethsaida
Matthew 14:13-14
Mark 6:31-34
Luke 9:10b-11
John 6:1-3
31Then he said to them, “Come away by yourselves to a desolate place and rest for a little while.” For many people were coming and going, and Jesus and his apostles did not even have an opportunity to eat.
13When Jesus heard this, he withdrew from there in a boat to a desolate place by himself. But the crowds heard about it and followed him on foot from the towns.
32So they went away to a desolate place in the boat by themselves. 33Now many saw them going away and recognized Jesus. They ran together on foot from all the towns, got there ahead of them, and gathered around him.
10bThen he took them along and withdrew privately to a desolate place belonging to a town called Bethsaida.
1After this Jesus went away to the other side of the Sea of Galilee (that is, the Sea of Tiberias).
14And when Jesus went ashore and saw a large crowd, he was moved with compassion for them and healed their sick.
34When Jesus went ashore and saw a large crowd, he was moved with compassion for them, because they were like sheep without a shepherd. So he began to teach them many things.
11But when the crowds found out about it, they followed him. So he welcomed them and spoke to them about the kingdom of God, and cured those who had need of healing.
2A large crowd was following him because they saw the miraculous signs he was performing on the sick. 3So Jesus went up on the mountain and sat there with his disciples.
Section 72c
Feeding the five thousand
Bethsaida
Matthew 14:15-21
Mark 6:35-44
Luke 9:12-17
John 6:4-13
15As evening approached, his disciples came to him and said, “This place is desolate, and the hour is now late. Send the crowds away so that they may go into the villages and buy food for themselves.”
35When the hour was already quite late, his disciples came to him and said, “This place is desolate, and the hour is now late. 36Send the people away so that they may go into the surrounding countryside and villages and buy themselves bread, for they have nothing to eat.”
12As the day began to draw to a close, the twelve came up and said to Jesus, “Send the crowd away so that they may go into the surrounding villages and countryside and find lodging and provisions, for we are in a desolate place here.”
4(Now the Jewish feast of the Passover was near.)
16But Jesus said to them, “They have no need to go away; you give them something to eat.”
37But Jesus answered them, “You give them something to eat.” They said to him, “Are we to go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread and give it to them to eat?” 38aHe said to them, “How many loaves do you have? Go and see.”
13aBut he said to them, “You give them something to eat.”
5When Jesus lifted up his eyes and saw that a large crowd was coming to him, he said to Philip, “Where shall we buy bread so that these people may eat?” 6(He said this to test him, for he himself knew what he was about to do.) 7Philip answered him, “Two hundred denarii worth of bread would not be sufficient for each of them to receive a little portion.” 8Then one of his disciples, Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, said to him,
17They said to him, “We have here only five loaves and two fish.” 18He said, “Bring them here to me.” 19Then he commanded the crowds to sit down on the grass, and taking the five loaves and the two fish, he looked up to heaven and said the blessing. Then he broke the loaves and gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the crowds. 20They all ate and were filled, and the disciples picked up what was left over of the broken pieces, twelve baskets full. 21Now those who had eaten were about five thousand men, besides women and children.
38bWhen they found out, they said, “Five, and two fish.” 39Then he directed them to have all the people sit down in groups on the green grass. 40So they sat down in groups of hundreds and fifties. 41Then he took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, he blessed the food. He broke the loaves and gave them to his disciples to set before the people, and he divided the two fish among them all. 42They all ate and were filled, 43and the disciples picked up twelve baskets full of the broken pieces and of the fish. 44Now those who had eaten the loaves were five thousand men.
13bThey said, “We have only five loaves and two fish—unless we are to go and buy food for this entire group of people.” 14(For there were about five thousand men.) Then he said to his disciples, “Have them sit down in groups of fifty each.” 15The disciples did so, and had everyone sit down. 16Then Jesus took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, he blessed and broke them, and gave them to the disciples to set before the crowd. 17They all ate and were filled, and what was left over was picked up, twelve baskets of broken pieces.
9“There is a little boy here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what good are they for so many people?” 10Jesus said, “Have the people sit down.” (Now there was a lot of grass in that place.) So the men sat down, about five thousand in number. 11Then Jesus took the loaves, and after giving thanks, he distributed them to the disciples, and the disciples distributed them to those who were seated. He did the same with the fish, and the people ate as much as they wanted. 12When they were full, Jesus said to his disciples, “Gather together the pieces that are left over so that nothing is wasted.” 13So they gathered them together and filled twelve baskets with the broken pieces from the five barley loaves that were left over by those who had eaten.
Section 73
A premature attempt to make Jesus king blocked
Bethsaida & On a mountain
Matthew 14:22-23
Mark 6:45-46
John 6:14-15
22Immediately Jesus compelled the disciples to get into the boat and go ahead of him to the other side of the sea, while he sent the crowds away. 23After sending the crowds away, he went up on the mountain by himself to pray. When evening came, he was there alone.
45Immediately Jesus compelled his disciples to get into the boat and go ahead of him to the other side of the sea, to Bethsaida, while he sent the crowd away. 46After taking leave of them, he went to the mountain to pray.
14When the people saw the sign that Jesus had done, they said, “This is truly the Prophet who is to come into the world.” 15So Jesus, knowing that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, withdrew to the mountain by himself.
Section 74
Walking on the water during a storm on the lake
On the Sea of Galilee
Matthew 14:24-33
Mark 6:47-52
John 6:16-21
24Meanwhile, the boat was already in the middle of the sea, being tossed by the waves, for the wind was against them. 25And in the fourth watch of the night Jesus went to them, walking on the sea. 26When the disciples saw him walking on the sea, they were terrified and said, “It is a ghost!” And they cried out in fear.
47When evening came, the boat was in the middle of the sea, and he was alone on the land. 48He saw the disciples straining as they rowed, for the wind was against them. About the fourth watch of the night he came to them, walking on the sea, and intended to pass them by. 49But when they saw him walking on the sea, they thought it was a ghost and cried out. 50aFor they all saw him and were terrified.
16When evening came, his disciples went down to the sea, 17and after getting into the boat, they started going across the sea to Capernaum. Darkness had already set in, but Jesus had not come to them. 18Then the sea became rough because a strong wind was blowing. 19When they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus approaching the boat, walking on the sea, and they were afraid.
27But Jesus immediately said to them, “Take courage! It is I; do not be afraid.” 28In response Peter said to him, “Lord, if it is you, command me to come to you on the water.” 29So he said, “Come.” Then Peter got down from the boat and walked on the water to go to Jesus. 30But when he saw the strong wind, he became frightened, and beginning to sink, he cried out, “Lord, save me!” 31Immediately Jesus stretched out his hand, took hold of him, and said to him, “O you of little faith, why did you doubt?”
50bBut Jesus immediately said to them, “Take courage! It is I; do not be afraid.”
20But he said to them, “It is I; do not be afraid.”
32And when they had gotten into the boat, the wind ceased. 33Then those who were in the boat came and worshiped him, saying, “Truly you are the Son of God.”
51Then he got into the boat with them, and the wind ceased. And they were utterly and completely amazed and in awe; 52for they did not understand the significance of what had happened with the loaves, because their hearts were hardened.
21Then they were willing to receive him into the boat, and immediately the boat reached the land where they were heading.
Section 75
Healings at Gennesaret
Gennesaret
Matthew 14:34-36
Mark 6:53-56
34When they had crossed the sea, they came to the land of Gennesaret. 35And when the men of that place recognized Jesus, they sent word into that entire surrounding region, and people brought to him all who were sick. 36They begged him to let the sick touch even the fringe of his garment, and all who touched it were completely healed.
53When they had crossed the sea, they came to the land of Gennesaret and moored the boat. 54When they got out of the boat, people immediately recognized Jesus. 55So the people ran around throughout that entire surrounding region and began to carry the sick on mats to wherever they heard he was. 56And wherever he went, to villages, cities, or the countryside, they would lay the sick in the marketplaces and beg him to let the sick touch even the fringe of his garment. And all who touched it were healed.
Section 76a
Discourse on the true bread of life
Capernaum
John 6:22-59
22On the next day the crowd that had stayed on the other side of the sea realized that there had been no other boat there except the one Jesus' disciples had gotten into, and that Jesus himself had not gotten into the boat with his disciples, but that his disciples had gone away alone. 23Then other boats from Tiberias came near the place where they had eaten the bread after the Lord had given thanks. 24So when the crowd saw that neither Jesus nor his disciples were there, they themselves got into the boats and went to Capernaum, seeking Jesus. 25When they found him on the other side of the sea, they said to him, “Rabbi, when did you get here?” 26Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, you are seeking me not because you saw signs, but because you ate the loaves and were filled. 27Do not work for food that perishes, but for food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give you. For on him God the Father has set his seal.” 28Then they said to him, “What must we do to do the works of God?” 29Jesus answered them, “This is the work of God, that you believe in the one he has sent.” 30So they said to him, “What sign then are you going to perform so that we may see it and believe you? What will you do? 31Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, just as it is written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’ ” 32Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread from heaven. 33For the bread of God is that which comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” 34So they said to him, “Sir, give us this bread always.” 35Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life; he who comes to me will never hunger, and he who believes in me will never thirst. 36But as I told you, you have seen me and still you do not believe. 37Everyone the Father gives me will come to me, and I will never cast out anyone who comes to me. 38For I have come down from heaven not to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me. 39And this is the will of the Father who sent me, that I should lose none of those he has given me, but should raise them up on the last day. 40And this is the will of him who sent me, that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in him should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.” 41Then the Jews began to grumble about him because he said, “I am the bread that came down from heaven.” 42They said, “Is this not Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How then can he say, ‘I have come down from heaven’?” 43Jesus answered them, “Do not grumble among yourselves. 44No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him, and I will raise him up on the last day. 45It is written in the Prophets, ‘They will all be taught by God.’ Everyone therefore who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me— 46not that anyone has seen the Father, except he who is from God; he has seen the Father. 47Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever believes in me has eternal life. 48I am the bread of life. 49Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and died. 50This is the bread that comes down from heaven, so that anyone may eat of it and not die. 51I am the living bread that has come down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. And the bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.” 52Then the Jews began to quarrel with one another, saying, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” 53So Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, if you do not eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in yourselves. 54Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. 55For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink. 56Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him. 57Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so whoever feeds on me will also live because of me. 58This is the bread that came down from heaven, not as your fathers ate the manna, and died. Whoever eats this bread will live forever.” 59He said these things in a synagogue while teaching in Capernaum.
Section 76b
Defection among the disciples
Capernaum
John 6:60-71
60After hearing this, many of his disciples said, “This is a hard saying; who can accept it?” 61But Jesus, aware that his disciples were grumbling about this, said to them, “Does this offend you? 62Then what if you see the Son of Man ascending to where he was before? 63It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh is of no benefit. The words that I speak to you are spirit and life. 64But there are some among you who do not believe.” (For Jesus knew from the beginning which of them did not believe and who it was that would betray him.) 65Then he said, “That is why I told you that no one can come to me unless it has been granted to him by my Father.” 66At that point many of his disciples went back and no longer walked with him. 67So Jesus said to the twelve, “Do you also want to go away?” 68Simon Peter answered him, “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. 69And we have come to believe and to know that you are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” 70Jesus answered them, “Did I not choose you, the twelve? And yet one of you is a devil.” 71(Now he was speaking about Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, who was one of the twelve and would later betray him.)
Section 77
Conflict over the tradition of ceremonial uncleanness
Galilee, perhaps Capernaum
Matthew 15:1-3a, 7-9, 3b-6, 10-20
Mark 7:1-15, 17-23
John 7:1
1Then the scribes and Pharisees from Jerusalem came to Jesus and said,
1Now the Pharisees and some of the scribes who had come from Jerusalem were gathered around Jesus. 2When they saw some of his disciples eating bread with hands that were defiled (that is, unwashed), they criticized them. 3(For none of the Pharisees or Jews eat unless they wash their hands properly, holding to the tradition of the elders. 4And when they come from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they have washed. There are also many other traditions they observe, such as the washing of cups, pots, copper vessels, and dining couches.)
1After this Jesus went from place to place in Galilee, for he did not want to travel around in Judea because the Jews were seeking to kill him.
2“Why do your disciples break the tradition of the elders? For they do not wash their hands when they eat bread.” 3aHe answered them,
5Now the Pharisees and the scribes asked Jesus, “Why do your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashed hands?”
7Hypocrites! Isaiah prophesied rightly about you when he said, 8‘This people draws near to me with their mouthand honors me with their lips,but their heart is far from me. 9They worship me in vain,teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’ ”
6He answered them, “Isaiah prophesied rightly about you hypocrites, as it is written,‘This people honors me with their lips,but their heart is far from me. 7They worship me in vain,teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’ 8For you have neglected the commandment of God and are holding to the tradition of men, such as various washings of pots and cups. And you do many other similar things such as these.”
3b“And why do you break the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition? 4For God commanded, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘Whoever speaks evil of his father or mother must surely die.’ 5But you say, ‘If anyone says to his father or mother, “Whatever benefit you might have received from me is a gift to God,” then he certainly need not honor his father or his mother.’ 6You have nullified the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition.
9Then he said to them, “You have a fine way of setting aside the commandment of God so that you may keep your tradition! 10For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘Whoever speaks evil of his father or mother must surely die.’ 11But you teach that it is acceptable for a man to say to his father or mother, ‘Whatever benefit you might have received from me is Corban’ ” (that is, a gift to God). 12“In this way you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or his mother, 13thus nullifying the word of God by your tradition that you have handed down. And you do many similar things such as these.”
10Then Jesus called the crowd over and said to them, “Listen and understand: 11It is not what goes into the mouth that defiles a person; it is what comes out of the mouth that defiles a person.” 12Then his disciples came and said to him, “Do you know that the Pharisees were offended when they heard this statement?” 13Jesus answered, “Every plant that my heavenly Father has not planted will be uprooted. 14Leave them be; they are blind guides of the blind. And if one blind person guides another, both will fall into a pit.”
14Then Jesus called over the entire crowd and said to them, “Listen to me, all of you, and understand: 15There is nothing outside of a person that can defile him by going into him, but the things that come out of a person are what defile him.
15Then Peter said to him in response, “Explain this parable to us.” 16Jesus said, “Are you also still without understanding? 17Do you not yet understand that everything that goes into the mouth passes into the stomach and is expelled into the latrine? 18But the things that come out of the mouth come from the heart, and these defile a person.
17After Jesus had left the crowd and gone into a house, his disciples asked him about the parable. 18He said to them, “So are you also without understanding? Do you not understand that whatever goes into a person from the outside cannot defile him? 19For it does not go into his heart but into his stomach; then it goes out into the latrine, thus purifying all foods.” 20He also said, “It is what comes out of a person that defiles a person.
19For from the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, fornication, theft, false testimony, and slander. 20These are what defile a person, but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile a person.”
21For from within, from the hearts of men, come evil thoughts, adultery, fornication, murder, 22theft, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride, and foolishness. 23All these evil things come from within and defile a person.”
Section 78
Ministry to a believing Greek woman in Tyre and Sidon
The Vicinity of Tyre and Sidon
Matthew 15:21-28
Mark 7:24-30
21Then Jesus went away from there and withdrew to the district of Tyre and Sidon. 22And behold, a Canaanite woman from that region came and cried out to him, “Have mercy on me, Lord, Son of David! My daughter is severely demon-possessed.” 23But he did not respond to her at all. So his disciples came to him and urged him, “Send her away, for she is crying out after us.” 24In response Jesus said, “I was sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.” 25But she came and bowed down before him, saying, “Lord, help me.”
24Then Jesus rose from there and went away to the region of Tyre and Sidon. He went into a house and did not want anyone to know it, yet he could not escape notice. 25For a woman whose little daughter had an unclean spirit heard about him and came and fell at his feet. 26(This woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by birth.) She asked Jesus to cast the demon out of her daughter.
26He replied, “It is not good to take the children's bread and throw it to the dogs.” 27She said, “Yes, Lord, yet even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from the table of their masters.” 28Then Jesus answered her, “O woman, great is your faith; it will be done for you as you wish.” And her daughter was healed from that hour.
27But Jesus said to her, “Let the children first be filled, for it is not good to take the children's bread and throw it to the dogs.” 28She answered him, “Yes, Lord, yet even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs.” 29Then he said to her, “Because of this reply, you may go; the demon has come out of your daughter.” 30And when she went to her house, she found the demon gone and her daughter lying in bed.
Section 79a
Healings in Decapolis
The Vicinity of Tyre and Sidon → The Region of Decapolis
Matthew 15:29-31
Mark 7:31-37
29Departing from there, Jesus went along the Sea of Galilee. Then he went up on the mountain and sat down.
31Then Jesus came back from the region of Tyre and Sidon and went to the Sea of Galilee, within the region of the Decapolis. 32Some people brought to him a deaf man who had a speech impediment, and they begged him to lay his hand on the man. 33So Jesus took him aside privately, away from the crowd. Then he put his fingers into the man's ears, spit, and touched the man's tongue. 34And looking up to heaven, he sighed and said to him, “Ephphatha” (that is, “Be opened”). 35Immediately the man's ears were opened, the impediment of his tongue was removed, and he began speaking clearly.
30Large crowds came to him, having with them the lame, blind, mute, crippled, and many others. They put them at the feet of Jesus, and he healed them. 31So the crowds were amazed when they saw the mute speaking, the crippled made well, the lame walking, and the blind seeing. And they glorified the God of Israel.
36Then Jesus ordered them not to tell anyone. But as much as he ordered them not to do so, they proclaimed it all the more. 37And they were completely astonished, saying, “He has done all things well. He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak.”
Section 79b
Feeding the four thousand in Decapolis
The Region of Decapolis
Matthew 15:32-38
Mark 8:1-9a
1In those days, when there was a very large crowd that had nothing to eat, Jesus called his disciples over and said to them,
32Then Jesus called his disciples over and said, “I have compassion on the crowd because they have stayed with me now for three days and have nothing to eat. I do not want to send them away without having eaten, lest they faint on the way.” 33His disciples said to him, “Where can we get so many loaves in such a desolate place to fill such a large crowd?” 34Jesus said to them, “How many loaves do you have?” They said, “Seven, and a few small fish.” 35So he commanded the crowds to sit down on the ground, 36and taking the seven loaves and the fish, he gave thanks, broke them, and gave them to his disciples, and the disciples gave them to the crowd.
2“I have compassion on the crowd because they have stayed with me now for three days and have nothing to eat. 3If I send them away to their homes without having eaten, they will faint on the way, for some of them have come from far away.” 4His disciples answered him, “How can anyone feed these people with bread here in the wilderness?” 5He asked them, “How many loaves do you have?” They said, “Seven.” 6So he commanded the crowd to sit down on the ground, and taking the seven loaves, he gave thanks, broke them, and gave them to his disciples to distribute, and they set them before the crowd. 7They also had a few small fish. After blessing the fish, Jesus told the disciples to set them before the crowd as well.
37They all ate and were filled, and the disciples picked up what was left over of the broken pieces, seven baskets full. 38Besides women and children, there were four thousand men who had eaten.
8They ate and were filled, and the disciples picked up what was left over of the broken pieces, seven baskets full. 9aThere were about four thousand men who had eaten.
Section 80
Return to Galilee and encounter with the Pharisees and Sadducees
The Region of Decapolis → Magadan (Dalmanuta)
Matthew 15:39-16:4
Mark 8:9b-12
39After sending the crowds away, Jesus got into the boat and went to the region of Magdala. 1Now the Pharisees and Sadducees came and tested Jesus, asking him to show them a sign from heaven. 2But he answered them, “When evening comes you say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is red.’ 3And in the morning you say, ‘There will be a storm today, for the sky is red and threatening.’ Hypocrites! You know how to discern the appearance of the sky, but you cannot discern the signs of the times?
9bAfter sending them away, 10Jesus immediately got into the boat with his disciples and went to the district of Dalmanutha. 11Then the Pharisees came and began to argue with Jesus, asking him for a sign from heaven, to test him.
4An evil and adulterous generation asks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah the prophet.” Then he left them and went away.
12Sighing deeply in his spirit, he said, “Why does this generation ask for a sign? Truly I say to you, no sign will be given to this generation.”
Section 81a
Warning about the error of the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Herodians
On the Sea of Galilee
Matthew 16:5-12
Mark 8:13-21
13Then he left them, got into the boat again, and went away to the other side of the sea.
5When his disciples reached the other side of the sea, they realized that they had forgotten to bring bread. 6Then Jesus said to them, “Watch out and beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” 7So they discussed this among themselves, saying, “He must have said this because we brought no bread.” 8Aware of this, Jesus said to them, “Why are you discussing among yourselves, O you of little faith, the fact that you brought no bread? 9Do you not yet understand? Do you not remember the five loaves for the five thousand, and how many baskets you collected? 10Or the seven loaves for the four thousand, and how many baskets you collected? 11How could you not understand that I was not talking about bread when I told you to beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees?” 12Then they understood that he had not told them to beware of the leaven of bread, but of the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees.
14Now the disciples had forgotten to bring bread, and they had nothing with them in the boat except for one loaf. 15Then Jesus gave them strict orders, saying, “Watch out! Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod.” 16So they discussed this with one another, saying, “He must have said this because we have no bread.” 17Aware of this, Jesus said to them, “Why are you discussing the fact that you have no bread? Do you not yet perceive or understand? Are your hearts still hardened? 18Having eyes do you not see, and having ears do you not hear? Do you not remember? 19When I broke the five loaves for the five thousand, how many baskets full of broken pieces did you pick up?” They said to him, “Twelve.” 20“And when I broke the seven loaves for the four thousand, how many baskets full of broken pieces did you pick up?” They said, “Seven.” 21Then he said to them, “How is it that you do not understand?”
Section 81b
Healing a blind man at Bethsaida
Bethsaida
Mark 8:22-26
22When Jesus came to Bethsaida, some people brought to him a blind man and begged Jesus to touch him. 23So he took the blind man by the hand and led him out of the village. Then he spit on the man's eyes, laid his hands on him, and asked him if he saw anything. 24The man looked up and said, “I can see people, but they look like trees walking around.” 25So Jesus put his hands on the man's eyes again and had him look up. Then the man's sight was restored, and he saw everyone clearly. 26And Jesus sent him away to his house, saying, “Do not go into the village or tell anyone in the village what has happened.”
Section 82
Peter's identification of Jesus as the Christ and first prophecy of the church
Near Caesarea Philippi
Matthew 16:13-20
Mark 8:27-30
Luke 9:18-21
13Now when Jesus came into the district of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, “Who do people say that I, the Son of Man, am?” 14They said, “Some say John the Baptist, others say Elijah, and others say that you are Jeremiah or one of the prophets.” 15He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” 16Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” 17And Jesus answered him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven. 18And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. 19I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.”
27Then Jesus went on to the villages of Caesarea Philippi along with his disciples. On the way he asked his disciples, “Who do people say that I am?” 28They answered, “Some say John the Baptist, others say Elijah, and others say that you are one of the prophets.” 29He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” Peter answered him, “You are the Christ.”
18Once when Jesus was praying in private and the disciples were with him, he asked them, “Who do the crowds say that I am?” 19They answered, “Some say John the Baptist, others say Elijah, and others say that one of the ancient prophets has risen.” 20Then he said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” Peter answered, “The Christ of God.”
Section 83
First direct prediction of the rejection, crucifixion, and resurrection
Near Caesarea Philippi
Matthew 16:21-26
Mark 8:31-37
Luke 9:22-25
21From that time Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that he must be killed and on the third day be raised up. 22So Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him, saying, “God forbid, Lord! This shall certainly not happen to you.” 23But he turned around and said to Peter, “Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me, for you are not thinking about the things of God, but the things of men.”
31Then he began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests, and the scribes, and that he must be killed and after three days rise again. 32He was stating the matter plainly, so Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him. 33But turning around and looking at his disciples, he rebuked Peter, saying, “Get behind me, Satan! For you are not thinking about the things of God, but the things of men.”
22saying, “The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and he must be killed and on the third day rise again.”
24Then Jesus said to his disciples, “If anyone wants to come after me, he must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me. 25For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it. 26For what does it benefit a person if he gains the whole world but forfeits his soul? Or what can a person give in exchange for his soul?
34Then he called the crowd over, along with his disciples, and said to them, “If anyone wants to follow me, he must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me. 35For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake and for the sake of the gospel will save it. 36For what will it benefit a person if he gains the whole world but forfeits his soul? 37Or what can a person give in exchange for his soul?
23Then he said to them all, “If anyone wants to come after me, he must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me. 24For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it. 25For what does it benefit a person if he gains the whole world but loses or forfeits himself?
Section 84
Coming of the Son of Man and judgment
Near Caesarea Philippi
Matthew 16:27-28
Mark 8:38-9:1
Luke 9:26-27
27For the Son of Man will come with his angels in the glory of his Father, and then he will repay each person according to what he has done. 28Truly I say to you, there are some standing here who will certainly not taste death until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom.”
38If anyone is ashamed of me and my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man will also be ashamed of him when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels.” 1And he said to them, “Truly I say to you, there are some standing here who will certainly not taste death until they see the kingdom of God come with power.”
26If anyone is ashamed of me and my words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his glory and the glory of the Father and the holy angels. 27But truly I say to you, there are some standing here who will certainly not taste death until they see the kingdom of God.”
Section 85
Transfiguration of Jesus
High mountain, perhaps Mount Hermon
Matthew 17:1-8
Mark 9:2-8
Luke 9:28-36a
1After six days Jesus took Peter, James, and John the brother of James, and led them up on a high mountain by themselves. 2There he was transfigured before them; his face shone like the sun, and his garments became as white as light. 3And behold, Moses and Elijah appeared to them, talking with him.
2After six days Jesus took Peter, James, and John, and led them up on a high mountain by themselves. There he was transfigured before them. 3His garments became radiant and extremely white, like snow, such as no launderer on earth can whiten them. 4Then Elijah appeared to them with Moses, and they were talking with Jesus.
28About eight days after he had spoken these words, he took Peter, John, and James, and went up on the mountain to pray. 29As he was praying, the appearance of his face was altered, and his clothing became dazzling white. 30And behold, two men were talking with him; they were Moses and Elijah, 31who appeared in glory and were speaking about his departure, which he was about to bring to fulfillment in Jerusalem. 32Now Peter and those who were with him were heavy with sleep, but when they became fully awake, they saw his glory and the two men standing with him.
4So Peter said to Jesus, “Lord, it is good for us to be here. If you wish, we will make three shelters here, one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” 5While he was still speaking, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; listen to him!” 6When the disciples heard this, they fell on their faces and were utterly afraid. 7But Jesus came over and touched them, saying, “Rise; do not be afraid.”
5So Peter said to Jesus, “Rabbi, it is good for us to be here. Let us make three shelters, one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” 6(For they were terrified, and he did not know what to say.) 7Then a cloud came and overshadowed them, and a voice came from the cloud: “This is my beloved Son; listen to him!”
33As the men were parting from Jesus, Peter said to him, “Master, it is good for us to be here. Let us make three shelters, one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah,” not knowing what he was saying. 34But as he was saying this, a cloud came and overshadowed them, and they were afraid as they entered the cloud. 35Then a voice came from the cloud, saying, “This is my beloved Son; listen to him!”
8And lifting up their eyes, they saw no one but Jesus.
8And suddenly, when they looked around, they no longer saw anyone with them but Jesus.
36aWhen the voice finished speaking, they found that Jesus was alone.
Section 86
Discussion of resurrection, Elijah, and John the Baptist
Coming down the mountain
Matthew 17:9-13
Mark 9:9-13
Luke 9:36b
9As they were coming down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, “Do not tell anyone about the vision you saw until the Son of Man has risen from the dead.”
9As they were coming down from the mountain, Jesus ordered them to tell no one what they had seen until the Son of Man had risen from the dead. 10So they kept the matter to themselves, discussing what this rising from the dead could mean.
36bThe disciples kept silent and did not tell anyone in those days about any of the things they had seen.
10Then his disciples asked him, “Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?” 11Jesus answered them, “Elijah does indeed come first, and he will restore all things. 12But I tell you that Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but did to him whatever they wished. Even so the Son of Man is about to suffer at their hands.” 13Then the disciples understood that he was speaking to them about John the Baptist.
11Then they asked him, “Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?” 12He answered them, “Elijah does indeed come first to restore all things. How then is it written that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be treated with contempt? 13But I tell you that Elijah has indeed come, and they did to him whatever they wished, just as it is written about him.”
Section 87
Healing of demoniac boy and unbelief rebuked
Near the mount of transfiguration
Matthew 17:14-20
Mark 9:14-29
Luke 9:37-43a
14When Jesus came back to the other disciples, he saw a large crowd around them, and some scribes arguing with them. 15When the whole crowd saw him, they were greatly amazed and immediately ran up and greeted him.
14When they came to the crowd, a man approached Jesus, kneeling before him 15and saying, “Lord, have mercy on my son, for he is an epileptic and suffers terribly. For often he falls into the fire, and often into the water. 16I brought him to your disciples, but they could not heal him.”
16Then he asked the scribes, “What are you arguing with them about?” 17One man from among the crowd answered, “Teacher, I brought you my son, who has a spirit that makes him mute. 18Whenever it seizes him, it throws him down, and he foams at the mouth, grinds his teeth, and becomes rigid. I asked your disciples to cast it out, but they were not able to do so.”
37On the next day, when they came down from the mountain, Jesus was met by a large crowd. 38And behold, a man from among the crowd cried out, “Teacher, I beg you to look at my son, for he is my one and only child. 39A spirit seizes him, and he suddenly cries out; it convulses him so that he foams at the mouth. It hardly ever leaves him alone, bruising him severely. 40I begged your disciples to cast it out, but they could not.”
17Jesus answered, “O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you? Bring him here to me.”
19Jesus answered him, “O faithless generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you? Bring him to me.” 20So they brought the boy to him. When the spirit saw Jesus, it immediately threw the boy into convulsions, and he fell on the ground and rolled around, foaming at the mouth. 21Then Jesus asked the boy's father, “How long has this been happening to him?” The father said, “From childhood. 22It often throws him into the fire and into the water, to destroy him. But if you are able to do anything, help us and have compassion on us.” 23Jesus said to him, “The question is whether you are able to believe. All things are possible for the one who believes.” 24Immediately the child's father cried out and said with tears, “I believe, Lord; help my unbelief!”
41Jesus answered, “O faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you and bear with you? Bring your son here.” 42Now as the boy was approaching, the demon threw him down and shook him with convulsions. But Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, healed the boy, and gave him back to his father. 43aAnd they were all astonished at the majesty of God.
18Then Jesus rebuked the demon, and it came out of the boy, and he was healed from that hour.
25When Jesus saw that a crowd came running together, he rebuked the unclean spirit and said to it, “You spirit that makes this boy mute and deaf, I command you, come out of him and never enter him again!” 26After crying out, the spirit convulsed the boy greatly and came out, and the boy became as though he were dead, so that many said, “He is dead!” 27But Jesus took him by the hand and raised him up, and the boy arose.
19Afterward the disciples came to Jesus privately and said, “Why could we not cast it out?” 20Jesus said to them, “Because of your unbelief. For truly I say to you, if you have faith like a grain of mustard seed, you will say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it will move. Nothing will be impossible for you.
28Now when Jesus came into the house, his disciples asked him privately, “Why could we not cast it out?” 29He said to them, “This kind cannot come out by anything except prayer and fasting.”
Section 88
Second prediction of Jesus' death end resurrection
Galilee
Matthew 17:22-23
Mark 9:30-32
Luke 9:43b-45
30Then they went away from there and passed through Galilee, but Jesus did not want anyone to know it.
22While they were traveling around in Galilee, Jesus said to them, “The Son of Man is about to be delivered up into the hands of men. 23They will kill him, and on the third day he will be raised up.” And the disciples were greatly distressed.
31For he was teaching his disciples and telling them, “The Son of Man is going to be delivered up into the hands of men, and they will kill him. Yet after he has been killed, he will rise on the third day.” 32But they did not understand what this meant, and they were afraid to ask him about it.
43bBut while everyone was marveling at all that Jesus had done, he said to his disciples, 44“Let these words sink into your ears: The Son of Man is about to be delivered up into the hands of men.” 45But they did not understand what this meant. It was concealed from them, so that they could not grasp it, and they were afraid to ask him about it.
Section 89
Payment of the temple tax
Capernaum
Matthew 17:24-27
24When they came to Capernaum, the collectors of the two-drachma tax came to Peter and said, “Your teacher pays the two-drachma tax, doesn't he?” 25He said, “Yes.” And when Peter came into the house, Jesus spoke to him first, saying, “What do you think, Simon? From whom do the kings of the earth receive toll or tax? From their own sons or from strangers?” 26Peter said to him, “From strangers.” And Jesus said to him, “Then the sons are free. 27But so that we may not offend them, go to the sea, cast a hook, and take the first fish that comes up. When you open its mouth, you will find a stater coin. Take it and give it to them for you and me.”
Section 90
Rivalry over greatness in the kingdom
Capernaum
Matthew 18:1-5
Mark 9:33-37
Luke 9:46-48
1In that hour the disciples came to Jesus and said, “Who is greater in the kingdom of heaven?”
33Then Jesus came to Capernaum, and when he was in the house, he asked the disciples, “What were you discussing among yourselves on the way?” 34But they were silent, because on the way they had been arguing with one another about who was greater. 35So Jesus sat down, called the twelve over, and said to them, “If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all and a servant to all.”
46Now an argument arose among the disciples as to which of them was greater.
2So Jesus called over a little child, placed him among them, 3and said, “Truly I say to you, unless you change and become like little children, you will certainly not enter the kingdom of heaven.
36Then he took a child and placed him before them. And taking the child in his arms, he said to them,
47But Jesus, perceiving the thoughts of their hearts, took a child and placed him by his side.
4Therefore whoever humbles himself like this little child is greater in the kingdom of heaven. 5And whoever receives one little child such as this in my name receives me,
37“Whoever receives one child such as this in my name receives me; and whoever receives me, receives not me, but him who sent me.”
48Then he said to them, “Whoever receives this child in my name receives me, and whoever receives me receives him who sent me. For he who is least among you all is the one who will be great.”
Section 91
Warning against causing believers to sin
Capernaum
Matthew 18:6-14
Mark 9:38-50
Luke 9:49-50
38John said to him in response, “Teacher, we saw someone who does not follow us casting out demons in your name, and we told him to stop because he does not follow us.” 39But Jesus said, “Do not stop him, for no one who does a miracle in my name will be able to speak evil of me soon afterward. 40For whoever is not against you is for you. 41Truly I say to you, whoever gives you a cup of water to drink in my name, because you belong to Christ, will certainly not lose his reward.
49John responded, “Master, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we told him to stop because he does not follow us.” 50But Jesus said to him, “Do not stop him, for whoever is not against us is for us.”
6but if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him to have a heavy millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depth of the sea. 7“Woe to the world because of stumbling blocks! It is necessary that stumbling blocks come, yet woe to that man through whom the stumbling block comes!
42“If anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him if a millstone were hung around his neck and he were thrown into the sea.
8If your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut them off and throw them away from you. It is better for you to enter life lame or crippled than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into the eternal fire. 9And if your eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out and throw it away from you. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fires of hell. 10“See that you do not despise one of these little ones, for I tell you that their angels in heaven continually see the face of my Father in heaven. 11For the Son of Man came to save the lost.
43If your hand causes you to stumble, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than to have two hands and go into hell, into the unquenchable fire, 44‘where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched.’ 45And if your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life lame than to have two feet and be thrown into hell, into the unquenchable fire, 46‘where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched.’ 47And if your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fires of hell, 48‘where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched.’ 49For everyone will be salted with fire, and every sacrifice will be seasoned with salt. 50Salt is good, but if it becomes unsalty, with what shall you season it? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with one another.”
12What do you think? If a man has a hundred sheep, and one of them goes astray, does he not leave the other ninety-nine and go seek on the mountains the one that has gone astray? 13And if he happens to find it, truly I say to you, he rejoices more over it than over the ninety-nine that have not gone astray. 14In the same way, it is not the will of your Father in heaven that one of these little ones should perish.
Section 92
Treatment and forgiveness of a sinning brother
Capernaum
Matthew 18:15-35
15“If your brother sins against you, go show him his fault between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained your brother. 16But if he does not listen, take one or two others with you, so that every matter may be established by the mouth of two or three witnesses. 17If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, treat him as you would a pagan or a tax collector. 18Truly I say to you, whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven. 19Again, truly I say to you, if two of you agree on earth about anything you ask, it will be done for you by my Father in heaven. 20For where two or three are gathered together in my name, I am there among them.” 21Then Peter came to Jesus and said, “Lord, how many times must I forgive my brother when he sins against me? Up to seven times?” 22Jesus said to him, “Not, I tell you, up to seven times, but up to seventy times seven. 23“For this reason the kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who wished to settle accounts with his servants. 24As he began to settle accounts, one servant who had a debt of ten thousand talents was brought to him. 25But since he did not have anything with which to repay the debt, his master commanded him to be sold along with his wife, his children, and all that he had, so that the debt could be repaid. 26So the servant fell down and bowed before him, saying, ‘Master, be patient with me, and I will repay you all that I owe.’ 27Moved with compassion, the master of that servant released him and forgave him the debt. 28But that servant went out and found one of his fellow servants who owed him a hundred denarii. He grabbed him and began to choke him, saying, ‘Repay me what you owe.’ 29So his fellow servant fell down at his feet and begged him, ‘Be patient with me, and I will repay you.’ 30But he was not willing to do so. Instead, he went and threw him into prison until he should repay what was owed. 31When his fellow servants saw what had taken place, they were greatly distressed and went and reported to their master all that had happened. 32Then the master summoned the servant and said to him, ‘You evil servant! I forgave you all that debt because you begged me to do so. 33Should you not also have had mercy on your fellow servant, even as I had mercy on you?’ 34And in anger his master handed him over to the jailers to be tortured until he should repay all that was owed him. 35My heavenly Father will also do the same to you if each one of you, from your hearts, does not forgive his brother for his trespasses.”
Section 93
Complete commitment required of followers
Perhaps Galilee
Matthew 8:19-22
Luke 9:57-62
19Then a scribe came up and said to him, “Teacher, I will follow you wherever you go.” 20Jesus said to him, “Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head.” 21Then another of his disciples said to him, “Lord, let me first go and bury my father.” 22But Jesus said to him, “Follow me, and let the dead bury their own dead.”
57As they were going along the road, someone said to him, “I will follow you wherever you go, Lord.” 58Jesus said to him, “Foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head.” 59Then Jesus said to another man, “Follow me.” But the man said, “Lord, let me first go and bury my father.” 60Jesus said to him, “Let the dead bury their own dead. But you go and proclaim the kingdom of God.” 61Still another said, “I will follow you, Lord, but first let me say goodbye to my family.” 62But Jesus said to him, “No one who puts his hand to the plow and looks back is fit for the kingdom of God.”
Section 94
Ridicule by Jesus' half-brothers
Galilee
John 7:2-9
2Now the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles was near. 3So Jesus' brothers said to him, “Leave here and go to Judea so that your disciples may see the works you are doing. 4For no one does anything in secret while seeking to be known publicly. If you are going to do these things, show yourself to the world.” 5(For not even his brothers believed in him.) 6So Jesus said to them, “My time has not yet come, but your time is always at hand. 7The world cannot hate you, but it does hate me because I testify that its works are evil. 8You go up to this feast; I am not yet going up to this feast, for my time has not yet been fulfilled.” 9After saying this to them, he remained in Galilee.
Section 95
Journey through Samaria
Samaria
Luke 9:51-56
John 7:10
51Now when the days were approaching for Jesus' ascension, he set his face to go to Jerusalem. 52He sent messengers on ahead, who went and entered a village of the Samaritans to make preparations for him. 53But the people there refused to welcome him, because his face was set to go to Jerusalem. 54When his disciples James and John saw this, they said, “Lord, do you want us to command fire to come down from heaven and consume them, just like Elijah did?” 55But he turned and rebuked them, saying, “You do not know what kind of spirit you belong to. 56For the Son of Man did not come to destroy people's lives but to save them.” And they went on to another village.
10However, after his brothers had gone up to the feast, Jesus also went up, not openly but in secret.
Section 96a
Mixed reaction to Jesus' teaching and miracles
Jerusalem, in the temple
John 7:11-31
11Now the Jews were looking for him at the feast, saying, “Where is that man?” 12And there was much murmuring about him among the crowds. Some were saying, “He is a good man.” Others were saying, “No, he is deceiving the crowd.” 13No one, however, was speaking openly about him for fear of the Jews. 14Midway through the feast, Jesus went up to the temple courts and began to teach. 15The Jews were amazed, saying, “How does this man have such learning, since he has never had formal instruction?” 16Jesus answered them, “My teaching is not my own; it comes from him who sent me. 17If anyone wants to do his will, he will know whether my teaching comes from God or whether I am speaking on my own authority. 18He who speaks on his own authority seeks his own glory, but he who seeks the glory of the one who sent him is true, and there is no unrighteousness in him. 19Did not Moses give you the law? Yet none of you keeps the law. Why are you seeking to kill me?” 20The crowd answered, “You have a demon! Who is seeking to kill you?” 21Jesus answered them, “I did one work, and you are all amazed. 22Moses gave you circumcision (not that it came from Moses, but from the fathers), and that is why you circumcise a man on the Sabbath. 23If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses will not be broken, why are you angry with me because I made a man entirely well on the Sabbath? 24Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with right judgment.” 25Now some of the people of Jerusalem were saying, “Is this not the man whom they are seeking to kill? 26And behold, he is speaking openly, and they are saying nothing to him. Could it be that the rulers indeed know that this is truly the Christ? 27Yet we know where this man is from, but when the Christ comes, no one will know where he is from.” 28Then Jesus cried out as he taught in the temple courts, “You know me and you know where I am from. Yet I have not come on my own authority, but he who sent me is true. You do not know him, 29but I know him, because I have come from him, and he sent me.” 30So they were seeking to arrest him, but no one laid a hand on him, because his hour had not yet come. 31Still, many from among the crowd believed in him and said, “When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than this man has done?”
Section 96b
Frustrated attempt to arrest Jesus
Jerusalem
John 7:32-52
32The Pharisees heard the crowd murmuring these things about him, so the Pharisees and the chief priests sent officers to arrest him. 33Then Jesus said, “I am with you for a little while longer, and then I am going to him who sent me. 34You will seek me, but you will not find me; and where I am, you cannot come.” 35Then the Jews said to one another, “Where is this man about to go that we will not find him? Is he about to go to the Jews who are scattered among the Greeks and teach the Greeks? 36What does he mean by saying, ‘You will seek me, but you will not find me; and where I am, you cannot come’?” 37On the last day, the great day of the feast, Jesus stood up and cried out, “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink. 38Whoever believes in me, just as the Scripture has said, ‘From his innermost being will flow rivers of living water.’ ” 39(He said this about the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were going to receive, for the Holy Spirit had not yet been given, because Jesus had not yet been glorified.) 40When they heard this, many from among the crowd were saying, “Surely this man is the Prophet.” 41Others were saying, “He is the Christ.” But others were saying, “No, for the Christ does not come from Galilee, does he? 42Does not the Scripture say that the Christ will come from David's descendants and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived?” 43So a division arose among the crowd because of Jesus. 44Some of them wanted to arrest him, but no one laid a hand on him. 45Then the officers came to the chief priests and Pharisees, who said to them, “Why did you not bring him in?” 46The officers answered, “Never has anyone spoken like this man.” 47The Pharisees answered them, “Have you also been deceived? 48None of the rulers or the Pharisees have believed in him, have they? 49But this crowd that does not know the law is accursed.” 50Then Nicodemus, who had gone to Jesus by night and who was one of the rulers, said, 51“Does our law condemn a man without first giving him a hearing and finding out what he is doing?” 52They answered him, “Are you also from Galilee? Search and see that no prophet has ever arisen from Galilee.”
Section 97
Jesus' forgiveness of a woman caught in adultery
Jerusalem, in the temple
John 7:53-8:11
53And each went to his own house. 1But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. 2Early in the morning he again went to the temple courts. All the people came, and he sat down and taught them. 3Then the scribes and the Pharisees brought him a woman who had been caught in adultery. Making her stand before them all, 4they said to Jesus, testing him, “Teacher, this woman was caught in the very act of committing adultery. 5In the law, Moses commanded us that such women should be stoned; what then do you say?” 6(They said this to test him, so that they might have something to accuse him of.) But Jesus stooped down and wrote with his finger on the ground, taking no notice. 7When they continued asking him, he stood up and said to them, “Let him among you who is without sin throw the first stone at her.” 8And again he stooped down and wrote on the ground. 9When they heard this, they were convicted by their own consciences and began to go away one by one, starting with the older men. So Jesus was left alone, with the woman there before him. 10Then Jesus stood up and saw no one but the woman. So he said to her, “Where are your accusers? Has no one condemned you?” 11She said, “No one, Lord.” Jesus said, “Neither do I pass judgment on you; go and sin no more.”
Section 98
Conflict over Jesus' claim to be the light of the world
Jerusalem, in the temple
John 8:12-20
12Then Jesus spoke to them again, saying, “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will certainly not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.” 13So the Pharisees said to him, “You are testifying about yourself, so your testimony is not valid.” 14Jesus answered them, “Even if I testify about myself, my testimony is valid, for I know where I came from and where I am going, but you do not know where I come from or where I am going. 15You judge according to the flesh, but I judge no one. 16Yet even if I do judge, my judgment is valid; for I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent me. 17In your own law it is written that the testimony of two men is valid. 18I testify about myself, and the Father who sent me also testifies about me.” 19Then they said to him, “Where is your father?” Jesus answered, “You neither know me nor my Father. If you knew me, you would know my Father as well.” 20(Jesus spoke these words in the treasury as he taught in the temple courts. But no one arrested him, because his hour had not yet come.)
Section 99a
Jesus' relationship to God the Father
Jerusalem, in the temple
John 8:21-30
21Then Jesus said to them again, “I am going away, and you will seek me, but you will die in your sin. Where I am going, you cannot come.” 22So the Jews said, “Is he going to kill himself? Is that what he means by saying, ‘Where I am going, you cannot come’?” 23He said to them, “You are from below; I am from above. You are of this world; I am not of this world. 24Therefore I said to you that you will die in your sins, for if you do not believe that I am he, you will die in your sins.” 25They said to him, “Who are you?” Jesus said to them, “Exactly what I have been saying to you from the beginning. 26I have many things to say about you and to judge, but he who sent me is true, and I tell the world what I have heard from him.” 27(They did not know that he was speaking to them about the Father.) 28So Jesus said to them, “When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am he and that I do nothing on my own authority, but I speak these things just as my Father taught me. 29He who sent me is with me. The Father has not left me alone, for I always do what pleases him.” 30As he was saying these things, many believed in him.
Section 99b
Jesus' relationship to Abraham, and attempted stoning
Jerusalem, in the temple
John 8:31-59
31Then Jesus said to the Jews who had believed in him, “If you abide in my word, you are truly my disciples. 32Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.” 33They answered him, “We are descendants of Abraham, and we have never been enslaved to anyone. How then can you say, ‘You will be set free’?” 34Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, everyone who commits sin is a slave of sin. 35The slave does not abide in the house forever; the son abides forever. 36So if the son sets you free, you will be free indeed. 37I know that you are Abraham's descendants, but you are seeking to kill me because your hearts have no room for my word. 38I speak of what I have seen with my Father; so you also are doing what you have seen with your father.” 39They answered him, “Our father is Abraham.” Jesus said to them, “If you were children of Abraham, you would be doing the works of Abraham. 40But now you are seeking to kill me, a man who has spoken to you the truth I heard from God. Abraham did not do such a thing. 41You are doing the works of your father.” They said to him, “We were not born of fornication. We have one Father—God.” 42Jesus said to them, “If God were your Father, you would love me, for I have come here from God. I have not come of my own accord, but he sent me. 43Why do you not understand what I am saying? It is because you cannot bear to accept my word. 44You belong to your father the devil, and you want to carry out your father's desires. He was a murderer from the beginning and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks lies, he speaks from his own character, because he is a liar and the father of lies. 45But because I speak the truth, you do not believe me. 46Which one of you convicts me of sin? If I am telling the truth, why do you not believe me? 47Whoever belongs to God hears the words of God. The reason you do not hear them is because you do not belong to God.” 48The Jews answered him, “Do we not rightly say that you are a Samaritan and have a demon?” 49Jesus answered, “I do not have a demon, but I honor my Father, and you dishonor me. 50I do not seek my own glory; there is one who seeks it, and he is the judge. 51Truly, truly, I say to you, if anyone keeps my word, he will certainly never see death.” 52The Jews said to him, “Now we know that you have a demon. Abraham died, and so did the prophets, yet you say, ‘If anyone keeps my word, he will certainly never taste death.’ 53Are you greater than our father Abraham, who died? The prophets also died. Who do you make yourself out to be?” 54Jesus answered, “If I glorify myself, my glory is nothing. It is my Father who glorifies me, of whom you say, ‘He is our God.’ 55You do not know him, but I know him. If I were to say that I do not know him, I would be a liar like you. But I do know him, and I keep his word. 56Your father Abraham was glad that he would see my day. He saw it and rejoiced.” 57Then the Jews said to him, “You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham?” 58Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.” 59So they picked up stones to throw at him, but Jesus hid himself and went out from the temple grounds. And passing through the crowd, he walked away.
Section 100a
Healing of a man born blind
Jerusalem
John 9:1-7
1As Jesus walked along, he saw a man who had been blind from birth. 2His disciples asked him, “Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he should be born blind?” 3Jesus answered, “Neither did this man sin nor his parents, but it happened so that the works of God might be revealed in him. 4I must do the works of him who sent me while it is day; night is coming, when no one can work. 5As long as I am in the world, I am the light of the world.” 6After saying this, he spit on the ground and made mud with the saliva. Then he rubbed the mud on the blind man's eyes 7and said to him, “Go wash in the pool of Siloam” (which means “Sent”). So he went and washed, and came away seeing.
Section 100b
Response of the blind man's neighbors
Jerusalem
John 9:8-12
8Then his neighbors and those who had previously seen that he was blind were saying, “Is this not the man who used to sit and beg?” 9Others were saying, “It is he.” Still others were saying, “He is like him.” But he kept saying, “I am he.” 10So they said to him, “How were your eyes opened?” 11He answered, “A man named Jesus made mud, rubbed it on my eyes, and said to me, ‘Go to the pool of Siloam and wash.’ So I went and washed, and received my sight.” 12They said to him, “Where is this man?” He said, “I do not know.”
Section 100c
Examination and excommunication of the blind man by the Pharisees
Jerusalem
John 9:13-34
13So they brought the man who was once blind to the Pharisees. 14(Now it was a Sabbath when Jesus made the mud and opened the man's eyes.) 15The Pharisees again asked him how he had received his sight, and he said to them, “He put mud on my eyes, and I washed, and now I see.” 16Then some of the Pharisees were saying, “This man is not from God, for he does not keep the Sabbath.” But others were saying, “How can a sinful man do such signs?” And a division arose among them. 17So they said to the blind man again, “What do you say about him, since he opened your eyes?” The man said, “He is a prophet.” 18Now the Jews did not believe that the man had been blind and had received his sight until they called in his parents. 19They asked them, “Is this your son, who you say was born blind? How then does he now see?” 20His parents answered them, “We know that this is our son and that he was born blind. 21But how he can now see or who opened his eyes, we do not know. He is of age; ask him. He will speak for himself.” 22(His parents said this because they were afraid of the Jews, for the Jews had already agreed that if anyone should confess that Jesus was the Christ, he would be put out of the synagogue. 23That is why his parents said, “He is of age; ask him.”) 24So for a second time they called in the man who had been blind and said to him, “Give glory to God! We know that this man is a sinner.” 25He answered, “Whether he is a sinner or not, I do not know; one thing I know, that though I was blind, now I see.” 26Again they said to him, “What did he do to you? How did he open your eyes?” 27He answered them, “I told you already, and you did not listen. Why do you want to hear it again? Do you also want to become his disciples?” 28Then they reviled him and said, “You are a disciple of that man, but we are disciples of Moses. 29We know that God has spoken to Moses, but as for this man, we do not know where he is from.” 30The man answered them, “Why, this is an amazing thing, that you do not know where he is from, and yet he opened my eyes! 31We know that God does not listen to sinners, but he does listen to anyone who is devout and does his will. 32Never before has anyone heard of someone opening the eyes of a man born blind. 33If this man were not from God, he could do nothing.” 34They answered him, “You were born entirely in sin, and yet you are trying to teach us?” And they threw him out.
Section 100d
Jesus' identification of himself to the blind man
Jerusalem
John 9:35-38
35Jesus heard that they had thrown him out, so he found the man and said to him, “Do you believe in the Son of God?” 36He answered, “Who is he, Lord, that I may believe in him?” 37Jesus said to him, “You have seen him, and the one speaking with you is he.” 38The man said, “I believe, Lord.” And he worshiped him.
Section 100e
Spiritual blindness of the Pharisees
Jerusalem
John 9:39-41
39Then Jesus said, “For judgment I have come into this world, so that those who do not see may see, and those who see may become blind.” 40Some of the Pharisees who were with him heard this and said to him, “We are not also blind, are we?” 41Jesus said to them, “If you were blind, you would have no sin, but now you say, ‘We see.’ Therefore your sin remains.
Section 101a
Allegory of the good shepherd and the thief
Jerusalem
John 10:1-18
1“Truly, truly, I say to you, he who does not enter the sheepfold by the gate but climbs in by another way is a thief and a robber. 2But he who enters by the gate is the shepherd of the sheep. 3The gatekeeper opens the gate for him, and the sheep hear his voice. He calls his own sheep by name and leads them out. 4When he has brought out his own sheep, he goes ahead of them, and the sheep follow him because they recognize his voice. 5They will certainly not follow a stranger, but will flee from him because they do not recognize the voice of strangers.” 6Jesus spoke to them with this figure of speech, but they did not understand what he was saying to them. 7So Jesus said to them again, “Truly, truly, I say to you, I am the gate for the sheep. 8All who came before are thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to them. 9I am the gate; if anyone enters through me, he will be saved and will come in and go out and find pasture. 10The thief comes only to steal, kill, and destroy. I have come that they may have life, and have it abundantly. 11I am the good shepherd; the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. 12But the hired hand is not the shepherd and does not own the sheep. So when he sees the wolf coming, he leaves the sheep and flees, and the wolf snatches the sheep and scatters them. 13The hired hand flees, for he is a hired hand and does not care about the sheep. 14I am the good shepherd. I know my sheep and my sheep know me, 15even as the Father knows me and I know the Father. I lay down my life for the sheep. 16I have other sheep that are not of this fold. I must bring them also, and they will hear my voice. And there will be one flock, one shepherd. 17This is why the Father loves me, because I lay down my life so that I may take it up again. 18No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again. I received this commandment from my Father.”
Section 102a
Commissioning of the seventy
Perhaps Judea
Luke 10:1-16
1After this, the Lord appointed seventy others and sent them on ahead, two by two, to every town and place where he himself was about to go. 2He said to them, “The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. Therefore ask the Lord of the harvest to send out workers into his harvest. 3Now go on your way. Behold, I am sending you out like lambs in the midst of wolves. 4Carry no moneybag, no knapsack, and no sandals; and do not greet anyone on the road. 5Whenever you enter a house, first say, ‘May peace be upon this house!’ 6If there is a son of peace there, your peace will rest upon him. But if not, it will return to you. 7Remain in the same house, eating and drinking whatever they provide, for the worker is worthy of his wages. Do not go from house to house. 8Whenever you enter a town and they receive you, eat what is set before you. 9Heal the sick in that city and say to them, ‘The kingdom of God has drawn near to you.’ 10But whenever you enter a town and they do not receive you, go out into its streets and say, 11‘Even the dust that clings to us from your town we wipe off against you. Yet know this: The kingdom of God has drawn near to you.’ 12I tell you, on that day it will be more tolerable for Sodom than for that town. 13“Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. 14But it will be more tolerable at the judgment for Tyre and Sidon than for you. 15And you, Capernaum, who have been exalted to heaven, will be brought down to Hades. 16“He who listens to you listens to me; he who rejects you rejects me, and he who rejects me rejects him who sent me.”
Section 102b
Return of the seventy
Perhaps Judea
Luke 10:17-24
17When the seventy returned, they were joyful and said, “Lord, even the demons submit to us in your name.” 18He said to them, “I watched Satan fall from heaven like lightning. 19Behold, I am giving you authority to tread on serpents and scorpions, and to overcome all the power of the enemy, and nothing at all will harm you. 20Nevertheless, do not rejoice that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven.” 21At that same hour Jesus rejoiced in the Spirit and said, “I praise you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and intelligent, and revealed them to infants. Yes, Father, for so it was well-pleasing in your sight.” 22Then he turned to the disciples and said, “All things have been delivered to me by my Father. No one knows who the Son is except the Father, and no one knows who the Father is except the Son, and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.” 23Then he turned to the disciples and said privately, “Blessed are the eyes that see what you see! 24For I tell you that many prophets and kings wished to see the things you see but did not see them, and to hear the things you hear but did not hear them.”
Section 103
Story of the good Samaritan
Perhaps Judea
Luke 10:25-37
25And behold, a lawyer stood up to test Jesus, saying, “Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 26Jesus said to him, “What is written in the law? How do you read it?” 27He answered, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind; and you shall love your neighbor as yourself.” 28Jesus said to him, “You have answered correctly; do this and you will live.” 29But wishing to justify himself, he said to Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?” 30Jesus replied, “A man was going down to Jericho from Jerusalem and fell among robbers. They stripped him, beat him, and went away, leaving him as he was, half dead. 31Now a priest happened to be going down that road, but when he saw the man, he passed by on the other side. 32In the same way, a Levite, when he came to that place and saw him, passed by on the other side. 33But a Samaritan, who was on a journey, came to where the man was, and when he saw him, he was moved with compassion. 34He went over to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring oil and wine on them. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 35On the next day, when he was departing, he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said to him, ‘Take care of him, and whatever more you spend I will repay to you when I return.’ 36Now which of these three do you think was a neighbor to the man who fell among the robbers?” 37The lawyer said, “The one who showed him mercy.” So Jesus said to him, “Go and do likewise.”
Section 104
Jesus' visit with Mary and Martha
Bethany, near Jerusalem
Luke 10:38-42
38As Jesus and his disciples went along, he entered a village, and a woman named Martha welcomed him into her home. 39She had a sister named Mary, who sat at Jesus' feet and listened to what he was saying. 40But Martha was distracted by the many preparations that had to be made. So she came up to Jesus and said, “Lord, do you not care that my sister has left me to make all the preparations alone? Tell her then to assist me.” 41But Jesus answered her, “Martha, Martha, you are anxious and troubled about many things, 42but only one thing is necessary. Mary has chosen the good portion, and it will not be taken away from her.”
Section 105
Lesson on how to pray and parable of the bold friend
Perhaps Judea
Luke 11:1-13
1One day Jesus was praying in a certain place, and when he finished, one of his disciples said to him, “Lord, teach us to pray, just as John taught his disciples.” 2So he said to them, “When you pray, say,‘Our Father in heaven,hallowed be your name.Your kingdom come.Your will be done,on earth as it is in heaven. 3Give us each day our daily bread. 4And forgive us our sins,for we also forgive everyone who is indebted to us.And lead us not into temptation,but deliver us from evil.’ ” 5Then he said to them, “Suppose one of you has a friend, and you go to him at midnight and say to him, ‘Friend, lend me three loaves, 6for a friend on a journey has come to me, and I have nothing to set before him,’ 7and he answers from inside and says, ‘Do not bother me! The door is already shut, and my children are with me in bed. I cannot get up to give you anything.’ 8I tell you, even if he will not get up and give you anything because you are his friend, yet because of your shameless persistence, he will get up and give you as much as you need. 9So I tell you: Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. 10For everyone who asks receives, and he who seeks finds, and to him who knocks it will be opened. 11Now what father among you, when his son asks for bread, will give him a stone; or again, when he asks for a fish, will give him a serpent instead of a fish; 12or again, if he asks for an egg, will give him a scorpion? 13If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!”
Section 106
A third blasphemous accusation and a second debate
Perhaps Judea
Luke 11:14-36
14Now Jesus was casting out a demon that made a certain man mute. When the demon came out, the mute man began to speak, and the crowds were amazed. 15But some of them said, “By Beelzebul, the ruler of demons, he casts out demons.” 16Others were asking him for a sign from heaven, to test him. 17Knowing their thoughts, Jesus said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and a house divided against itself falls. 18So if Satan is also divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? For you say that I cast out demons by Beelzebul. 19Now if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your followers cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. 20But if I cast out demons by the finger of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you. 21When a strong man, fully armed, guards his own palace, his possessions are secure. 22But when a stronger man attacks and overpowers him, he takes away all the armor in which the man trusted and then distributes the plunder. 23Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters. 24“When an unclean spirit has gone out of a person, it goes through waterless places seeking rest. But when it does not find any, it says, ‘I will return to my house from which I came out.’ 25When it arrives, it finds the house swept and put in order. 26Then it goes and takes along seven other spirits more evil than itself, and they go and dwell there, and the last state of that person becomes worse than the first.” 27As Jesus was saying these things, a woman from among the crowd lifted up her voice and said to him, “Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts at which you nursed.” 28But he said, “Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and obey it.” 29Now as the crowds were increasing, Jesus began to say, “This generation is evil. It asks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah the prophet. 30For just as Jonah became a sign to the people of Nineveh, so also will the Son of Man be to this generation. 31The queen of the South will rise up at the judgment with the men of this generation and condemn them, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and behold, something greater than Solomon is here. 32The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here. 33“No one lights a lamp and puts it in a hidden place or under a basket. Instead, it is put on a lampstand, so that those who come in may see its light. 34The lamp of the body is the eye. So when your eye is clear, your whole body is full of light. But when your eye is bad, your body is full of darkness. 35Therefore make sure that the light within you is not darkness. 36If then your whole body is full of light, having no part dark, it will be entirely light, like when a lamp gives you light with its rays.”
Section 107
Woes to the Pharisees and the teachers of the law while eating with a Pharisee
Perhaps Judea
Luke 11:37-54
37As Jesus was speaking, a Pharisee invited him to have a meal with him, so Jesus went in and reclined at the table. 38The Pharisee was amazed when he saw that Jesus did not first perform the ritual washing before the meal. 39So the Lord said to him, “You Pharisees clean the outside of the cup and the platter, but inside you are full of plunder and evil. 40You fools! Did not he who made the outside also make the inside? 41But give as alms the things that are on the inside, and behold, everything will be clean for you. 42“But woe to you, Pharisees! For you tithe mint, rue, and every herb, yet you ignore justice and the love of God. These you ought to have done without neglecting the others. 43Woe to you, Pharisees! For you love the best seats in the synagogues and greetings in the marketplaces. 44Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like unmarked graves, which people walk over without realizing it.” 45In response one of the lawyers said to him, “Teacher, by saying these things, you insult us as well.” 46But Jesus said, “Woe to you lawyers as well! For you burden people with burdens that are hard to bear, but you yourselves do not touch the burdens with even one of your fingers. 47Woe to you! For you build the tombs of the prophets, but it was your fathers who killed them. 48So you bear witness to and approve of the works of your fathers, for they killed the prophets, and you build their tombs. 49That is why the wisdom of God said, ‘I will send them prophets and apostles, some of whom they will kill and some of whom they will persecute.’ 50As a result, this generation will be held accountable for the blood of all the prophets that has been shed from the foundation of the world, 51from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah, who perished between the altar and the house of God. Yes, I tell you, this generation will be held accountable. 52Woe to you lawyers! For you have taken away the key of knowledge. You yourselves have not entered, and you have hindered those who were trying to enter.” 53As he was saying these things to them, the scribes and the Pharisees began to oppose him fiercely and to question him closely about many things, 54lying in wait for him and seeking to catch him in some word coming out of his mouth, so that they might accuse him.
Section 108a
Warning the disciples about hypocrisy
Perhaps Judea
Luke 12:1-12
1Meanwhile, when the crowd had gathered together by the thousands, so that they were trampling on one another, Jesus began to speak first to his disciples: “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. 2There is nothing covered up that will not be revealed, and nothing hidden that will not be made known. 3Therefore whatever you have said in the darkness will be heard in the light, and what you have whispered in anyone's ear in private rooms will be proclaimed on the housetops. 4“I tell you, my friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have nothing more they can do. 5But I will tell you whom you should fear: Fear him who has authority to throw you into hell after your body has been killed. Yes, I tell you, fear him! 6Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? Yet not one of them is forgotten in the sight of God. 7Indeed, even the hairs of your head are all numbered. So do not be afraid; you are of more value than many sparrows. 8“I tell you, everyone who acknowledges me before men, the Son of Man will also acknowledge before the angels of God, 9but whoever denies me before men will be denied before the angels of God. 10And everyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven. 11When you are brought before synagogues, rulers, and authorities, do not be anxious about how or what you should speak in your own defense, or what you should say, 12for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that very hour what you should say.”
Section 108b
Warning about greed and trust in wealth
Perhaps Judea
Luke 12:13-34
13Then someone from among the crowd said to him, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide the family inheritance with me.” 14But Jesus said to him, “Man, who appointed me as a judge or arbitrator over you?” 15Then he said to them, “Watch out and be on your guard against covetousness, for one's life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions.” 16And he told them a parable: “The land of a certain rich man produced abundantly. 17So he thought to himself, ‘What should I do, for I do not have anywhere to store my crops?’ 18Then he said, ‘This is what I will do: I will tear down my barns and build larger ones, and there I will store all my produce and my goods. 19And I will say to my soul, “Soul, you have many goods laid up for many years; relax, eat, drink, and be merry.” ’ 20But God said to him, ‘You fool! This very night your life will be demanded back from you, and the things you have prepared, whose will they be?’ 21This is how it will be with anyone who lays up treasure for himself and is not rich toward God.” 22Then Jesus said to his disciples, “Therefore I tell you, do not be anxious about your life, what you will eat, or about your body, what you will wear. 23Life is more than food, and the body is more than clothing. 24Consider the ravens: They do not sow or reap; they have no storehouse or barn, yet God feeds them. Of how much more value are you than birds? 25Which of you by being anxious can add a single moment to your span of life? 26If then you cannot even do a very little thing like that, why are you anxious about the rest? 27Consider the lilies, how they grow: They do not toil or spin, yet I tell you, not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these. 28Now if God so clothes the grass in the field, which is alive today and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, how much more will he clothe you, O you of little faith? 29And do not be concerned about what you will eat or what you will drink; do not be anxious about such things. 30For the nations of the world seek after all these things, and your Father knows that you need them. 31Rather, seek the kingdom of God, and all these things will be added to you. 32Do not be afraid, little flock, for your Father is pleased to give you the kingdom. 33Sell your possessions and give to the needy. Make yourselves moneybags that do not wear out, an inexhaustible treasure in heaven, where no thief comes near and no moth destroys. 34For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
Section 108c
Warning against being unprepared for the Son of Man's coming
Perhaps Judea
Luke 12:35-48
35“Be dressed for service and keep your lamps burning, 36like men who are waiting for their master to return from a wedding feast, so that they may immediately open the door for him when he comes and knocks. 37Blessed are those servants whom their master finds keeping watch when he comes. Truly I say to you, he will dress himself for service and have them recline at the table, and he will come and serve them. 38If he comes in the second watch or the third watch and finds them doing so, blessed are those servants. 39But know this: If the master of the house had known at what hour the thief was coming, he would have kept watch and would not have let his house be broken into. 40Therefore you also must be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour when you do not expect him.” 41Then Peter said to him, “Lord, are you telling this parable only for us, or for everyone else as well?” 42The Lord said, “Who then is the faithful and wise steward, whom his master will set over his household, to give them their portion of food at the proper time? 43Blessed is that servant whom his master finds so doing when he comes. 44Truly I say to you, he will set him over all his possessions. 45But if that servant says in his heart, ‘My master is delayed in coming,’ and he begins to beat the male and female servants, and to eat and drink and get drunk, 46the master of that servant will come on a day when he does not expect him and at an hour he does not foresee, and will cut him in two and assign his portion to be with the unfaithful. 47That servant who knew his master's will, but did not prepare himself or act according to his will, will be beaten with many lashes. 48But the one who did not know his master's will, yet did what deserved a beating, will be beaten with few lashes. From everyone to whom much has been given, much will be required; and from him to whom much has been entrusted, even more will be demanded.
Section 108d
Warning about the coming division
Perhaps Judea
Luke 12:49-53
49“I have come to bring fire to the earth, and how I wish it were already kindled! 50But I have a baptism to be baptized with, and how consumed I am with it until it is completed! 51Do you think I have come to grant peace on earth? No, I tell you, but division. 52For from now on five in one household will be divided, three against two and two against three. 53Father will be divided against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.”
Section 108e
Warning against failing to discern the present time
Perhaps Judea
Luke 12:54-59
54Jesus also said to the crowds, “When you see a cloud rising from the west, you immediately say, ‘A rainstorm is coming,’ and that is what happens. 55And when you see the south wind blowing, you say, ‘There will be scorching heat,’ and it happens. 56Hypocrites! You know how to interpret the appearance of the earth and the sky, so why can you not interpret this present time? 57“Why do you not judge for yourselves what is right? 58As you are going with your adversary before the magistrate, make an effort to settle with him on the way, lest he drag you to the judge, and the judge hand you over to the officer, and the officer throw you into prison. 59I tell you, you will certainly not come out of there until you have paid the very last cent.”
Section 109
Two alternatives: repent or perish
Perhaps Judea
Luke 13:1-9
1Now there were some present at that very time who told Jesus about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices. 2Jesus responded to them, “Do you think that those Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans because they suffered such things? 3No, I tell you, but if you do not repent, you will all likewise perish. 4Or those eighteen who were killed when the tower in Siloam fell on them, do you think that they were worse offenders than all the other people who dwell in Jerusalem? 5No, I tell you, but if you do not repent, you will all likewise perish.” 6Then he told this parable: “A man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard, and he came looking for fruit on it, but did not find any. 7So he said to the vinedresser, ‘Behold, for three years I have come looking for fruit on this fig tree and have not found any. Cut it down! Why should it use up the soil?’ 8But the vinedresser answered him, ‘Sir, allow it to remain for this year also, and I will dig around it and put manure on it. 9If it bears fruit, fine; but if not, you can cut it down in the coming year.’ ”
Section 110
Opposition from a synagogue ruler for healing a woman on the Sabbath
Perhaps Judea
Luke 13:10-21
10One Sabbath Jesus was teaching in one of the synagogues. 11And behold, there was a woman who had suffered from a spirit of disability for eighteen years. She was bent over and could not stand up completely straight. 12When Jesus saw her, he called her over and said to her, “Woman, you are set free from your disability.” 13Then he laid his hands on her, and at once her back was made straight, and she began glorifying God. 14But the ruler of the synagogue, indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, said to the crowd in response, “There are six days in which work should be done; so come and be healed on those days and not on the Sabbath day.” 15Then the Lord answered him, “Hypocrites! Do not each of you on the Sabbath untie your ox or donkey from the manger, lead it away, and give it water? 16Then should not this woman, a daughter of Abraham whom Satan has bound for eighteen long years, be released from this bondage on the Sabbath day?” 17When he said this, all his adversaries were put to shame, and the entire crowd was rejoicing over all the glorious things that he was doing. 18Then Jesus said, “What is the kingdom of God like? To what should I compare it? 19It is like a grain of mustard seed that a man took and sowed in his garden. It grew and became a large tree, and the birds of the sky nested in its branches.” 20Again he said, “To what should I compare the kingdom of God? 21It is like leaven that a woman took and mixed into three measures of flour until it had all been leavened.”
Section 111
Another attempt to stone or arrest Jesus for blasphemy at the Feast of Dedication
Jerusalem
John 10:22-39
22Now it was the Feast of the Dedication in Jerusalem. It was winter, 23and Jesus was walking in the temple courts, in Solomon's Portico. 24So the Jews gathered around him and said to him, “How long are you going to keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, tell us plainly.” 25Jesus answered them, “I did tell you, but you do not believe. The works that I do in my Father's name testify about me, 26but you do not believe because you are not among my sheep, just as I told you. 27My sheep hear my voice; I know them, and they follow me. 28I give them eternal life, and they will certainly never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand. 29My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all, and no one is able to snatch them out of my Father's hand. 30I and the Father are one.” 31Then the Jews picked up stones again to stone him. 32In response Jesus said to them, “I have shown you many good works from my Father; for which of these works are you going to stone me?” 33The Jews answered him, “We are not going to stone you for a good work, but for blasphemy, and because you, being a man, make yourself out to be God.” 34Jesus answered them, “Is it not written in your law, ‘I said, you are gods’? 35If he called them ‘gods,’ to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken), 36do you say of him whom the Father consecrated and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’? 37If I do not do the works of my Father, do not believe me. 38But if I do them, even if you do not believe me, believe the works, so that you may know and believe that the Father is in me and I in him.” 39Again they sought to arrest him, but he eluded their grasp.
Section 113a
Question about salvation and entering the kingdom
Perea → Jerusalem
Luke 13:22-30
22Then Jesus traveled through towns and villages, teaching and making his way to Jerusalem. 23Someone said to him, “Lord, are there only a few who are being saved?” Jesus said to them, 24“Strive to enter through the narrow gate. For many, I tell you, will seek to enter and will not be able to. 25Once the master of the house gets up and shuts the door, you will begin to stand outside and knock at the door, saying, ‘Lord, Lord, open the door for us.’ But he will answer you, ‘I do not know you or where you are from.’ 26Then you will begin to say, ‘We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets.’ 27But he will say, ‘I tell you, I do not know you or where you are from. Depart from me, all you workers of unrighteousness.’ 28In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when you see Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and all the prophets in the kingdom of God, but you yourselves cast out. 29People will come from east and west, and from north and south, and recline at the banquet table in the kingdom of God. 30And behold, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.”
Section 113b
Anticipation of Jesus' coming death and his sorrow over Jerusalem
Perea → Jerusalem
Luke 13:31-35
31On that same day some Pharisees came up and said to Jesus, “Leave this place and go somewhere else, for Herod wants to kill you.” 32But he said to them, “Go tell that fox, ‘Behold, I will continue casting out demons and performing healings today and tomorrow, and on the third day I will finish my work.’ 33Nevertheless, I must go on my way today, tomorrow, and the following day, for it is unthinkable that a prophet should perish outside of Jerusalem. 34O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to you! How often I have wanted to gather your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, but you were not willing! 35Behold, your house is left to you desolate. I tell you, you will certainly not see me again until the time comes when you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.’ ”
Section 114
Healing of a man with dropsy while eating with a prominent Pharisee on the Sabbath, and three parables suggested by the occasion
Perhaps Perea
Luke 14:1-24
1One Sabbath, when Jesus went to eat at the house of one of the rulers of the Pharisees, the people there were watching him closely. 2And behold, there in front of him was a man suffering from dropsy. 3In response Jesus said to the lawyers and Pharisees, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?” 4But they remained silent. So Jesus took hold of the man, healed him, and sent him away. 5Then he said to them, “Which of you whose son or ox falls into a pit on the Sabbath will not immediately pull him out?” 6But they could give him no answer about these things. 7When Jesus noticed how the guests were choosing the places of honor for themselves, he told them a parable: 8“When you are invited by someone to a wedding feast, do not recline in the place of honor, in case someone more honorable than you has been invited by your host. 9Then the host, who invited you both, will come and say to you, ‘Give your place to this person.’ And with shame you will begin moving to the least important place. 10But when you are invited, go recline in the least important place, so that, when your host comes, he will say to you, ‘Friend, move up higher.’ Then you will be honored in the presence of those who are reclining at the table with you. 11For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted.” 12Jesus also said to the man who had invited him, “When you prepare a luncheon or dinner, do not invite your friends, your brothers, your relatives, or your rich neighbors. Otherwise, they may invite you in return, and you will be repaid. 13But when you prepare a banquet, invite the poor, the maimed, the lame, and the blind. 14Then you will be blessed. Since they do not have the means to repay you, you will be repaid at the resurrection of the righteous.” 15When one of the men reclining at the table with Jesus heard these things, he said to him, “Blessed is he who will eat at the feast in the kingdom of God.” 16Jesus said to him, “A man prepared a great banquet and invited many guests. 17At the time for the banquet he sent his servant to tell those who had been invited, ‘Come, for everything is now ready.’ 18But they all alike began to make excuses. The first one said to him, ‘I have bought a field, and I need to go out and see it. I ask you to have me excused.’ 19Another said, ‘I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I am on my way to try them out. I ask you to have me excused.’ 20Still another said, ‘I have married a woman, and for that reason I cannot come.’ 21So the servant came back and told these things to his master. Then the master of the house became angry and said to his servant, ‘Go out quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in the poor, the maimed, the lame, and the blind.’ 22The servant said, ‘Master, it has been done as you commanded, and there is still room.’ 23So the master said to the servant, ‘Go out to the highways and hedges and compel people to come in, so that my house may be filled. 24For I tell you that none of those men who were invited shall taste my banquet.’ For many are called, but few are chosen.”
Section 115
Cost of discipleship
Perhaps Perea
Luke 14:25-35
25Now large crowds were traveling with Jesus, and he turned and said to them, 26“If anyone comes to me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, and even his own life, he cannot be my disciple. 27And whoever does not bear his own cross and come after me cannot be my disciple. 28For which of you who wants to build a tower does not first sit down and estimate the cost, to see if he has what he needs to complete it? 29Otherwise, when he has laid the foundation and is not able to finish it, all who are looking on will begin to mock him, 30saying, ‘This man began to build and was not able to finish.’ 31Or what king, when he is going out to confront another king in battle, does not first sit down and consider whether he is able with ten thousand men to face the king who is coming against him with twenty thousand men? 32If he cannot, he sends a delegation while the other is still far away and asks for terms of peace. 33So then, any one of you who does not give up all his possessions cannot be my disciple. 34“Salt is good, but if salt loses its flavor, with what shall it be seasoned? 35It is fit neither for the soil nor for the manure pile; it is thrown out. He who has ears to hear, let him hear.”
Section 116
Parables in defense of association with sinners
Perhaps Perea
Luke 15:1-32
1Now all the tax collectors and sinners were drawing near to Jesus to listen to him. 2But the Pharisees and the scribes grumbled, saying, “This man receives sinners and eats with them.” 3So Jesus told them this parable: 4“What man among you, who has a hundred sheep and loses one of them, does not leave the other ninety-nine in the wilderness and go after the one that is lost until he finds it? 5And when he finds it, he lays it on his shoulders, rejoicing. 6Then he returns home and calls together his friends and neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my lost sheep.’ 7I tell you, in the same way there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, than over ninety-nine righteous people who have no need of repentance. 8“Or what woman who has ten silver coins, if she loses one coin, does not light a lamp, sweep the house, and search carefully until she finds it? 9And when she finds it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my lost coin.’ 10In the same way, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner who repents.” 11Then he said, “There was a man who had two sons. 12The younger of the two said to his father, ‘Father, give me the share of property that will belong to me.’ So his father divided his assets between the two sons. 13A few days later, the younger son gathered together all that he had and went on a journey to a distant country, and there he squandered his property by living recklessly. 14When he had spent all that he had, a severe famine arose throughout that country, and he began to be in need. 15So he went and hired himself out to one of the citizens of that country, who sent him to his fields to feed pigs. 16He longed to fill his belly with the carob pods the pigs were eating, but no one gave him anything. 17When he came to his senses, he said, ‘How many of my father's hired workers have an abundance of bread, while I perish with hunger! 18I will arise, go to my father, and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you. 19I am no longer worthy to be called your son; make me like one of your hired workers.” ’ 20So he arose and went to his father. But while he was still far away, his father saw him and was moved with compassion. So he ran to his son, threw his arms around his neck, and kissed him. 21Then the son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’ 22But the father said to his servants, ‘Bring out the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet. 23Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let us eat and celebrate. 24For this son of mine was dead but is now alive again; he was lost but has now been found.’ And they began to celebrate. 25“Now his older son was in the field, and as he came and drew near to the house, he heard music and dancing. 26So he called one of the servants over and asked him what was happening. 27The servant said to him, ‘Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has received him back safe and sound.’ 28But the older son was angry and would not go in. So his father came out and began pleading with him. 29But he answered his father, ‘Behold, all these years I have served you and have never disobeyed your command, yet you have never given me even a young goat so that I might celebrate with my friends. 30But when this son of yours came, who has devoured your assets with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him.’ 31The father said to him, ‘Son, you are always with me, and everything I have is yours. 32But it was proper to celebrate and rejoice, for your brother was dead but is now alive again; he was lost but has now been found.’ ”
Section 117a
Parable to teach the proper use of money
Perhaps Perea
Luke 16:1-13
1Then Jesus said to his disciples, “There was a rich man whose steward was accused of squandering his possessions. 2So he called the steward in and said to him, ‘What is this I hear about you? Give an account of your stewardship, for you can no longer be steward.’ 3The steward said to himself, ‘What should I do, since my master is taking my stewardship away from me? I am not strong enough to dig, and I am ashamed to beg. 4I know what I will do so that when I am removed from my stewardship people will receive me into their homes.’ 5So he summoned each one of his master's debtors. He said to the first, ‘How much do you owe my master?’ 6The man said, ‘A hundred measures of oil.’ The steward said to him, ‘Take your bill, sit down quickly, and write fifty.’ 7Then he said to another, ‘And how much do you owe?’ The man said, ‘A hundred measures of wheat.’ The steward said to him, ‘Take your bill and write eighty.’ 8So the master commended the unrighteous steward because he had acted shrewdly. For the sons of this age are more shrewd in dealing with their own generation than are the sons of light. 9And I tell you, make friends for yourselves by means of unrighteous wealth so that when you die, they will receive you into the eternal dwellings. 10“He who is faithful with very little is also faithful with much, and he who is dishonest with very little is also dishonest with much. 11If then you have not been faithful with unrighteous wealth, who will entrust you with true riches? 12And if you have not been faithful with the property of another, who will give you property of your own? 13No servant can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money.”
Section 117b
Story to teach the danger of wealth
Perhaps Perea
Luke 16:14-31
14Now the Pharisees, who were lovers of money, heard all these things and began ridiculing Jesus. 15So he said to them, “You justify yourselves in the sight of men, but God knows your hearts. For what is highly esteemed among men is an abomination in the sight of God. 16“The Law and the Prophets were until John; since then the good news of the kingdom of God has been preached, and everyone tries to force his way into it. 17But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for one stroke of a letter to be dropped from the law. 18“Everyone who divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery, and everyone who marries a woman divorced from her husband commits adultery. 19“Now there was a certain rich man who would dress in purple and fine linen, enjoying himself each day as he lived lavishly. 20There was also a poor man named Lazarus, who was laid at his gate, covered with sores. 21He longed to be filled with the crumbs that fell from the rich man's table, but instead the dogs would come and lick his sores. 22Now the poor man died and was carried away by the angels to Abraham's side, and the rich man also died and was buried. 23As he was in torment in Hades, he lifted up his eyes and saw Abraham far off, and Lazarus at his side. 24So he called out and said, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue, for I am in agony in this flame.’ 25But Abraham said, ‘Son, remember that in your lifetime you received your good things, and in the same way Lazarus received bad things, but now he is here being comforted, while you are in agony. 26And besides all this, a great chasm is fixed between you and us, so that those who want to cross over to you from here cannot do so, nor can anyone cross over to us from there.’ 27He said, ‘Then I beg you, father, to send Lazarus to my father's house, 28for I have five brothers. Let him warn them, so that they too will not come to this place of torment.’ 29Abraham said to him, ‘They have Moses and the Prophets; they can listen to them.’ 30He said, ‘No, father Abraham, but if someone goes to them from the dead, they will repent.’ 31But Abraham said to him, ‘If they do not listen to Moses and the Prophets, neither will they be persuaded even if someone rises from the dead.’ ”
Section 117c
Four lessons on discipleship
Perhaps Perea
Luke 17:1-10
1Then Jesus said to the disciples, “It is inevitable that stumbling blocks come, but woe to the one through whom they come! 2It would be better for him if a heavy millstone were hung around his neck and he were cast into the sea than for him to cause one of these little ones to stumble. 3Watch yourselves. If your brother sins against you, rebuke him. If he repents, forgive him. 4Even if he sins against you seven times in a day, and seven times in that day he comes back and says, ‘I repent,’ you must forgive him.” 5The apostles said to the Lord, “Increase our faith.” 6The Lord said, “If you had faith like a grain of mustard seed, you could say to this mulberry tree, ‘Be uprooted and planted in the sea,’ and it would obey you. 7“Suppose one of you has a servant plowing the field or tending the sheep. As soon as he comes in from the field would you say, ‘Come and recline at the table’? 8Instead, would you not say to him, ‘Prepare my supper. Put on your apron and serve me while I eat and drink; after that you may eat and drink’? 9Do you thank that servant because he did what he was commanded? I think not. 10So you also, when you have done everything you were commanded to do, should say, ‘We are unworthy servants; we have only done what we were obligated to do.’ ”
Section 118a
Sickness and death of Lazarus
Perea → Bethany, near Jerusalem
John 11:1-16
1Now a man named Lazarus was sick. He was from Bethany, the village of Mary and her sister Martha. 2(Mary was the one who anointed the Lord with ointment and wiped his feet with her hair; it was her brother Lazarus who was sick.) 3So the sisters sent word to Jesus, “Lord, behold, the one you love is sick.” 4But when Jesus heard this, he said, “This sickness will not end in death but is for the glory of God, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it.” 5Now Jesus loved Martha, her sister, and Lazarus. 6But when he heard that Lazarus was sick, he stayed where he was for two more days. 7After that he said to the disciples, “Let us go to Judea again.” 8The disciples said to him, “Rabbi, the Jews were just now seeking to stone you, and yet you are going there again?” 9Jesus answered, “Are there not twelve hours in the day? If anyone walks in the day, he does not stumble, because he sees the light of this world. 10But if anyone walks in the night, he stumbles, because the light is not in him.” 11After saying this, he said to them, “Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, but I am going there to wake him up.” 12His disciples said, “Lord, if he has fallen asleep, he will recover.” 13(They thought Jesus was speaking about natural sleep, but he was actually speaking about Lazarus' death.) 14Then Jesus told them plainly, “Lazarus has died, 15and I rejoice for your sake that I was not there, so that you may believe. But let us go to him.” 16Then Thomas (called Didymus) said to his fellow disciples, “Let us go too, so that we may die with him.”
Section 118b
Lazarus raised from the dead
Bethany, near Jerusalem
John 11:17-44
17When Jesus arrived, he found that Lazarus had been in the tomb for four days already. 18Now Bethany was near Jerusalem, about two miles away, 19and many of the Jews had joined the women who were with Martha and Mary, to console them about their brother. 20When Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she went to meet him, but Mary remained seated in the house. 21Then Martha said to Jesus, “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died. 22But even now I know that God will give you whatever you ask of him.” 23Jesus said to her, “Your brother will rise again.” 24Martha said to him, “I know that he will rise again in the resurrection on the last day.” 25Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me, though he may die, yet shall he live. 26No one who lives and believes in me will ever die. Do you believe this?” 27She said to him, “Yes, Lord, I have come to believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God, who is to come into the world.” 28After saying this, she went and called her sister Mary, saying in private, “The Teacher is here and is calling for you.” 29When Mary heard this, she rose quickly and went to him. 30(Now Jesus had not yet come into the village, but was in the place where Martha had met him.) 31When the Jews who were in the house with Mary, consoling her, saw her rise quickly and go out, they followed her, saying, “She is going to the tomb to weep there.” 32When Mary came to where Jesus was and saw him, she fell at his feet and said to him, “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.” 33When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who had come with her also weeping, he was deeply moved in his spirit and troubled. 34He said, “Where have you laid him?” They said to him, “Lord, come and see.” 35Jesus wept. 36So the Jews said, “See how he loved him!” 37But some of them said, “Could not he who opened the eyes of the blind man have also kept this man from dying?” 38Deeply moved once more, Jesus came to the tomb. (It was a cave, and a stone was lying against it.) 39Jesus said, “Take away the stone.” Martha, the sister of the man who had died, said to him, “Lord, there is already a stench, for it is the fourth day.” 40Jesus said to her, “Did I not tell you that if you believed you would see the glory of God?” 41So they took away the stone from where the dead man was laid. Then Jesus lifted up his eyes and said, “Father, I thank you that you have heard me. 42I know that you always hear me, but I say this for the benefit of the crowd that is standing here, so that they may believe that you sent me.” 43After saying this, he cried out with a loud voice, “Lazarus, come out!” 44Then the man who had died came out, his feet and his hands bound with strips of cloth, and his face wrapped in a cloth. Jesus said to them, “Unbind him, and let him go.”
Section 119
Decision of the Sanhedrin to put Jesus to death
Jerusalem & Ephraim, near the desert
John 11:45-54
45Therefore many of the Jews who had come to Mary, and had seen what Jesus did, believed in him. 46But some of them went to the Pharisees and told them what Jesus had done. 47So the chief priests and the Pharisees convened a meeting of the Sanhedrin and said, “What are we going to do? For this man is doing many signs. 48If we allow him to continue like this, everyone will believe in him, and the Romans will come and take away our holy place and our nation.” 49But one of them, Caiaphas, who was high priest that year, said to them, “You do not know anything, 50nor do you consider that it is better for us to have one man die for the people than to have the whole nation perish.” 51(He said this not of his own accord, but being high priest that year he prophesied that Jesus was going to die for the nation, 52and not only for the nation, but also to gather into one the children of God scattered abroad.) 53So from that day they plotted together to kill him. 54Therefore Jesus no longer went around openly among the Jews. Instead, he departed from there to the region near the wilderness, to a town called Ephraim, where he spent time with his disciples.
Section 120a
Healing of ten lepers while passing through Samaria and Galilee
Galilee → Jerusalem
Luke 17:11-21
11Now on his way to Jerusalem, Jesus traveled along the border of Samaria and Galilee. 12As he entered a village, he was met by ten lepers who stood at a distance. 13They lifted up their voices, saying, “Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!” 14When he saw them, he said to them, “Go show yourselves to the priests.” As they went along, they were cleansed. 15When one of them saw that he had been healed, he came back, glorifying God with a loud voice. 16He then fell on his face at Jesus' feet, giving him thanks. (Now he was a Samaritan.) 17In response Jesus said, “Were not ten cleansed? Where then are the other nine? 18Were there none found who came back to give glory to God except this foreigner?” 19Then he said to the man, “Rise and go on your way; your faith has healed you.” 20At one point Jesus was asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God was coming, so he answered them, “The kingdom of God does not come with observable signs, 21nor will people say, ‘Behold, here it is!’ or, ‘Behold, there it is!’ For behold, the kingdom of God is within you.”
Section 120b
Instructions regarding the Son of Man's coming
Galilee → Jerusalem
Luke 17:22-37
22Then he said to the disciples, “The days will come when you will long to see one of the days of the Son of Man, but you will not see it. 23People will say to you, ‘Behold, here he is!’ or, ‘Behold, there he is!’ Do not go off with them or run after them, 24for just as lightning flashes from one part of the sky and shines to the other, so will the Son of Man be in his day. 25But first he must suffer many things and be rejected by this generation. 26Just as it was in the days of Noah, so will it be in the days of the Son of Man. 27People were eating and drinking, marrying and being given in marriage, until the day when Noah went into the ark, and the flood came and destroyed them all. 28It will be the same as it was in the days of Lot. People were eating and drinking, buying and selling, planting and building. 29But on the day when Lot went out from Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from heaven and destroyed them all. 30So will it be on the day when the Son of Man is revealed. 31On that day, he who is on the housetop and whose goods are in the house must not come down to get them. Likewise, he who is in the field must not turn back. 32Remember Lot's wife. 33Whoever seeks to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life will preserve it. 34I tell you, on that night two people will be in one bed; one will be taken and the other will be left. 35Two women will be grinding grain together; one will be taken and the other will be left.” 37Then the disciples said to him in response, “Where, Lord?” He said to them, “Where the body is, there the vultures will be gathered together.”
Section 121
Two parables on prayer: the persistent widow, an the Pharisee and the tax collector
Galilee → Jerusalem
Luke 18:1-14
1Then Jesus told them a parable about the need to pray at all times and not lose heart. 2He said, “In a certain city there was a judge who neither feared God nor respected man. 3There was also a widow in that city who kept coming to him and saying, ‘Give me justice against my adversary.’ 4For a while he would not do so, but afterward he said to himself, ‘Though I neither fear God nor respect man, 5yet because this widow keeps bothering me, I will give her justice, so that she will not wear me out by continually coming to me.’ ” 6Then the Lord said, “Hear what the unrighteous judge says. 7And will not God surely bring about justice to his chosen ones who cry out to him day and night, while also being patient with them? 8I tell you that he will bring about justice for them quickly. Nevertheless, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on the earth?” 9He also told this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous and who regarded others with contempt: 10“Two men went up to the temple to pray. One was a Pharisee and the other was a tax collector. 11The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed like this: ‘God, I thank you that I am not like other people: swindlers, unrighteous, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. 12I fast twice a week, and I give tithes of all that I get.’ 13But the tax collector stood at a distance and would not even lift up his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, ‘God, be merciful to me, a sinner!’ 14I tell you, this man went down to his home justified rather than the other. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exalted.”
Section 122
Conflict with Pharisaic teaching on divorce
Perea
Matthew 19:1-12
Mark 10:1-12
1When Jesus had finished saying these things, he departed from Galilee and came into the region of Judea beyond the Jordan. 2Large crowds followed him, and he healed them there. 3Then the Pharisees came up to Jesus and tested him by asking him, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?”
1Jesus then rose from there and went to the region of Judea, traveling through the region beyond the Jordan, and crowds gathered around him again. And again he taught them, as he was accustomed to do. 2Then some Pharisees came up to Jesus and tested him by asking, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” 3He answered them, “What did Moses command you?” 4They said, “Moses allowed a man to write a certificate of divorce and send her away.” 5But Jesus answered them, “Because of your hardness of heart he wrote you this commandment.
4He answered them, “Have you not read that he who made them from the beginning ‘made them male and female,’ 5and said, ‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two will become one flesh’? 6So then, they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let no man separate.” 7They said to him, “Why then did Moses command us to give her a certificate of divorce and send her away?” 8He said to them, “Because of your hardness of heart Moses allowed you to divorce your wives, but from the beginning it was not so.
6But from the beginning of creation, God ‘made them male and female.’ 7‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, 8and the two will become one flesh.’ So then, they are no longer two, but one flesh. 9Therefore what God has joined together, let no man separate.” 10In the house Jesus' disciples asked him again about the same matter.
9I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for fornication, and marries another, commits adultery. And whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.” 10His disciples said to him, “If such is the case of a man with his wife, it is better not to marry.” 11But Jesus said to them, “Not all men can accept this statement, but only those to whom it is given. 12For there are eunuchs who were born that way from their mother's womb, and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by men, and there are eunuchs who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Whoever is able to accept this should accept it.”
11So he said to them, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her. 12And if a woman divorces her husband and gets married to another, she commits adultery.”
Section 123
Example of little children in relation to the kingdom
Perea
Matthew 19:13-15
Mark 10:13-16
Luke 18:15-17
13Then little children were brought to Jesus so that he might lay his hands on them and pray, but the disciples rebuked those who brought them. 14Yet Jesus said, “Let the little children come to me and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.”
13Now people were bringing children to Jesus so that he might touch them, but the disciples rebuked those who were bringing them. 14When Jesus saw this, he was indignant and said to them, “Let the little children come to me; do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. 15Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a little child will certainly not enter it.”
15Now people were even bringing their babies to Jesus so that he might touch them. When the disciples saw this, they rebuked those who were bringing them, 16but Jesus called for them and said, “Let the little children come to me and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. 17Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a little child will certainly not enter it.”
15And after laying his hands on them, he departed from there.
16And taking the children in his arms, he laid his hands on them and blessed them.
Section 124a
Riches and the kingdom
Perea
Matthew 19:16-30
Mark 10:17-31
Luke 18:18-30
16And behold, a man came and said to him, “Good Teacher, what good thing must I do to have eternal life?” 17Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. But if you wish to enter life, keep the commandments.” 18The man said to him, “Which ones?” Jesus said, “You shall not murder, You shall not commit adultery, You shall not steal, You shall not give false testimony, 19Honor your father and your mother, and, You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”
17As he was setting out on the road, a man ran up, knelt before him, and asked him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 18Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. 19You know the commandments: ‘Do not commit adultery, Do not murder, Do not steal, Do not give false testimony, Do not defraud, Honor your father and mother.’ ”
18Then a certain ruler asked him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 19Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. 20You know the commandments: ‘Do not commit adultery, Do not murder, Do not steal, Do not give false testimony, Honor your father and your mother.’ ”
20The young man said to him, “All these I have kept from my youth; what do I still lack?” 21Jesus said to him, “If you wish to be perfect, go sell what you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; then come follow me.” 22But when the young man heard this, he went away sorrowful, for he had many possessions. 23Then Jesus said to his disciples, “Truly I say to you, only with difficulty will a rich person enter the kingdom of heaven.
20The man answered him, “Teacher, all these I have kept from my youth.” 21As Jesus looked at him, he felt love for the man and said to him, “One thing you lack: Go and sell all that you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and take up your cross and come follow me.” 22But the man was dejected by what Jesus said and went away sorrowful, for he had many possessions. 23Then Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, “How difficult it will be for those who have riches to enter the kingdom of God!”
21The man said, “All these I have kept from my youth.” 22When Jesus heard this, he said to him, “One thing you still lack: Sell everything you have and distribute the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; then come follow me.” 23But when the man heard this, he became very sorrowful, for he was extremely rich. 24When Jesus saw that the man had become very sorrowful, he said, “How difficult it will be for those who have riches to enter the kingdom of God!
24Again I say to you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.”
24The disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said to them again, “Children, how difficult it is for those who trust in riches to enter the kingdom of God!
25When his disciples heard this, they were greatly astonished and said, “Who then can be saved?” 26Jesus looked at them and said to them, “With men it is impossible, but with God all things are possible.” 27Then Peter said to him in response, “Behold, we have left everything and followed you; what then will there be for us?” 28Jesus said to them, “Truly I say to you, when all things are made new and the Son of Man sits on his throne of glory, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
25It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.” 26They were completely astonished at this and said to one another, “Who then can be saved?” 27Jesus looked at them and said, “With men it is impossible, but not with God. For all things are possible with God.” 28Peter began to say to him, “Behold, we have left everything and followed you.” 29aJesus answered, “Truly I say to you,
25For it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.” 26Those who heard this said, “Who then can be saved?” 27Jesus said, “What is impossible with men is possible with God.” 28Then Peter said, “Behold, we have left everything and followed you.” 29aJesus said to them, “Truly I say to you,
29And everyone who has left houses, brothers, sisters, father, mother, wife, children, or fields for my name's sake, will receive a hundred times more and will inherit eternal life.
29bthere is no one who has left house, brothers, sisters, father, mother, wife, children, or fields, for my sake and for the sake of the gospel, 30who will not receive now in this age a hundred times as many houses, brothers, sisters, mothers, children, and fields—along with persecutions—and in the age to come eternal life.
29bthere is no one who has left house, parents, brothers, wife, or children, for the sake of the kingdom of God, 30who will not surely receive many times more in this present age, and in the age to come eternal life.”
30But many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first.
31But many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first.”
Section 124b
Parable of the landowner's sovereignty
Perea
Matthew 20:1-16
1“For the kingdom of heaven is like a master of a house who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard. 2After agreeing with the workers that they would each receive a denarius for the day, he sent them into his vineyard. 3About the third hour he went out and saw others standing idle in the marketplace. 4He said to them, ‘You go into my vineyard as well, and I will give you whatever is right.’ 5So they went. He went out again about the sixth hour and the ninth hour and did likewise. 6About the eleventh hour he went out and found others standing idle and said to them, ‘Why have you been standing here idle all day?’ 7They said to him, ‘Because no one has hired us.’ He said to them, ‘You go into my vineyard as well, and you will receive whatever is right.’ 8“When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, ‘Call the workers and pay them their wages, beginning with the last and going on to the first.’ 9When those who had been hired about the eleventh hour came, they each received a denarius. 10So when those who had been hired first came, they thought they would receive more, but they also each received a denarius. 11When they received it, they grumbled against the master of the house, 12saying, ‘These last men worked for one hour, and you have made them equal to us, who have borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat.’ 13But he replied to one of them, ‘Friend, I am doing you no wrong. Did you not agree with me to work for a denarius? 14Take what is yours and go. I wish to give to this last man just as I gave to you. 15Or is it not lawful for me to do what I wish with what is mine? Are you envious because I am good?’ 16So the last will be first, and the first will be last. For many are called, but few are chosen.”
Section 125a
Third prediction of Jesus' death and resurrection
Perea → Jerusalem
Matthew 20:17-19
Mark 10:32-34
Luke 18:31-34
17As Jesus was going up to Jerusalem, he took the twelve disciples aside privately on the way and said to them, 18“Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to the chief priests and scribes. They will condemn him to death
32Now they were on the road going up to Jerusalem. Jesus was walking ahead of them, and they were amazed. But as they followed they were afraid. Again he took the twelve aside and began to tell them what was going to happen to him: 33“Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to the chief priests and scribes. They will condemn him to death and hand him over to the Gentiles.
31Then Jesus took the twelve aside and said to them, “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written by the prophets about the Son of Man will be fulfilled. 32For he will be delivered up to the Gentiles, and he will be mocked, insulted, and spit upon. 33After flogging him, they will kill him, and on the third day he will rise again.”
19and hand him over to the Gentiles to be mocked, flogged, and crucified. But on the third day he will rise again.”
34They will mock him, flog him, spit on him, and kill him. But on the third day he will rise again.”
34But the disciples did not understand any of these things; this statement was hidden from them, and they did not comprehend what was being said.
Section 125b
Warning against ambitious pride
Perea → Jerusalem
Matthew 20:20-28
Mark 10:35-45
20Then the mother of the sons of Zebedee came with her sons to Jesus, and bowing down she asked him for a favor. 21So he said to her, “What do you want?” She said to him, “Say that these two sons of mine may sit, one on your right and one on your left, in your kingdom.”
35Then James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came to him and said, “Teacher, we want you to do for us whatever we ask.” 36So he said to them, “What do you want me to do for you?” 37They said to him, “Grant to us that we may sit, one on your right and one on your left, in your glory.”
22Jesus answered, “You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I am about to drink, or to be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?” The two brothers said to him, “We are able.”
38But Jesus said to them, “You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I drink, and to be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?” 39They said to him, “We are able.” Then Jesus said to them, “You will indeed drink the cup that I drink, and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with,
23So he said to them, “You will indeed drink my cup and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with, but to sit on my right and on my left is not mine to give, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by my Father.” 24When the ten heard this, they were indignant with the two brothers. 25So Jesus called them over and said, “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great men exercise authority over them. 26But it shall not be so among you. Instead, whoever wants to be great among you must be your servant, 27and whoever wants to be first among you must be your slave, 28just as the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”
40but to sit on my right and on my left is not mine to give, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared.” 41When the ten heard this, they began to be indignant with James and John. 42So Jesus called them over and said to them, “You know that those who are recognized as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great men exercise authority over them. 43But it shall not be so among you. Instead, whoever wants to be great among you must be your servant, 44and whoever wants to be first among you must be a slave to all. 45For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”
Section 126
Healing of blind Bartimaeus and his companion
Jericho
Matthew 20:29-34
Mark 10:46-52
Luke 18:35-43
29As they went out from Jericho, a large crowd followed him.
46Then they came to Jericho. Now as Jesus was going out from Jericho, along with his disciples and a large crowd, the blind man Bartimaeus, son of Timaeus, was sitting by the road begging.
35As Jesus drew near to Jericho, a blind man was sitting by the road begging.
30And behold, there were two blind men sitting by the road. When they heard that Jesus was passing by, they cried out, “Have mercy on us, Lord, Son of David!” 31But the crowd rebuked them, telling them to be silent. Yet they cried out even more loudly, “Have mercy on us, Lord, Son of David!”
47When he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, “Son of David, Jesus, have mercy on me!” 48Many people began rebuking him, telling him to be silent, but he cried out all the more, “Son of David, have mercy on me!”
36When he heard a crowd going by, he asked what was happening. 37They told him that Jesus of Nazareth was passing by. 38So he cried out, “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!” 39Then those who were out in front rebuked him, telling him to be silent. But he cried out all the more, “Son of David, have mercy on me!”
32So Jesus stopped, called them over, and said, “What do you want me to do for you?” 33They said to him, “Lord, let our eyes be opened.” 34Moved with compassion, Jesus touched their eyes, and immediately their eyes received sight, and they followed him.
49Then Jesus stopped and asked for him to be called over. So they called out to the blind man and said to him, “Take courage and get up; he is calling for you.” 50Throwing off his cloak, he rose and came to Jesus. 51Then Jesus said to him, “What do you want me to do for you?” The blind man said to him, “Rabboni, I want to receive my sight.” 52Jesus said to him, “Go; your faith has healed you.” Immediately he received his sight and began following Jesus on the road.
40So Jesus stopped and ordered the man to be brought to him. When the man drew near, Jesus asked him, 41“What do you want me to do for you?” He said, “Lord, I want to receive my sight.” 42So Jesus said to him, “Receive your sight; your faith has healed you.” 43Immediately he received his sight and began following Jesus, glorifying God. And when all the people saw it, they gave praise to God.
Section 127a
Salvation of Zaccheus
Jericho
Luke 19:1-10
1Then Jesus entered Jericho and was passing through. 2And behold, there was a man named Zacchaeus. He was a chief tax collector, who was rich. 3He was trying to see who Jesus was, but he could not do so because of the crowd, for he was small in stature. 4So he ran on ahead and climbed a sycamore tree so that he could see him, because Jesus was about to pass by that way. 5When Jesus came to that place, he looked up and saw him. Then he said to him, “Zacchaeus, hurry and come down, for I must stay at your house today.” 6So he hurried down and received Jesus with joy. 7When all the people saw it, they grumbled, saying, “He has gone in to stay with a sinful man.” 8But Zacchaeus stood there and said to the Lord, “Behold, half of my goods, Lord, I give to the poor, and if I have extorted anything from anyone, I will pay back four times the amount.” 9Jesus said to him, “Today salvation has come to this house, for this man also is a son of Abraham. 10For the Son of Man came to seek and save the lost.”
Section 127b
Parable to teach responsibility while the kingdom is delayed
Jericho → Jerusalem
Luke 19:11-28
11Now as the people were listening to this, Jesus went on to tell a parable, because he was near Jerusalem, and because they thought that the kingdom of God was going to appear at once. 12So he said, “A man of noble birth went to a distant country to receive a kingdom for himself and then return. 13Calling ten of his servants, he gave them ten minas and said to them, ‘Engage in business until I come.’ 14Now his citizens hated him and sent a delegation after him, saying, ‘We do not want this man to reign over us.’ 15When he returned after receiving the kingdom, he summoned the servants to whom he had given the money, so that he might know who had gained what by engaging in business. 16The first came before him and said, ‘Master, your mina has made ten minas more.’ 17The king said to him, ‘Well done, good servant! Because you have been faithful in a very small matter, take authority over ten cities.’ 18The second came and said, ‘Master, your mina has made five minas.’ 19The king said to him, ‘You are to be over five cities.’ 20Another came and said, ‘Master, behold, here is your mina, which I kept put away in a piece of cloth. 21For I was afraid of you, because you are a stern man. You take out what you did not put in, and you reap what you did not sow.’ 22The king said to him, ‘I will condemn you by the words coming out of your own mouth, you evil servant. You knew, did you, that I was a stern man, taking out what I did not put in, and reaping what I did not sow? 23Why then did you not deposit my money in the bank, and when I came I would have collected it with interest?’ 24Then he said to those standing nearby, ‘Take the mina from him and give it to the one who has ten minas.’ 25(But they said to him, ‘Master, he has ten minas!’) 26‘For I tell you that everyone who has will be given more, but the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. 27But as for those enemies of mine who did not want me to reign over them, bring them here and slay them in front of me.’ ” 28After saying these things, Jesus continued on his way up to Jerusalem, walking ahead of his disciples.
Section 128a
Arrival at Bethany
Bethany, near Jerusalem
John 11:55-12:1, 9-11
55Now the Passover of the Jews was near, and many people went up to Jerusalem from the countryside to purify themselves before the Passover. 56They were looking for Jesus and saying to one another as they stood in the temple courts, “What do you think? That he will not come to the feast at all?” 57(Now the chief priests and the Pharisees had given an order that if anyone knew where Jesus was, he should report it, so that they might arrest him.) 1Six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who had died and whom Jesus had raised from the dead.
9Meanwhile a large crowd of the Jews found out that Jesus was there, so they came not only because of Jesus but also to see Lazarus, whom he had raised from the dead. 10So the chief priests plotted to kill Lazarus also, 11because on account of him many of the Jews were going over to Jesus and believing in him.
Section 128b
Triumphal entry into Jerusalem
Bethany, near Jerusalem → Jerusalem
Matthew 21:1-3, 6-7, 4-5, 8-11, 14-17
Mark 11:1-11
Luke 19:29-44
John 12:12-19
1When they drew near to Jerusalem and came to Bethsphage, at the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two disciples ahead, 2telling them, “Go into the village ahead of you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied there and a colt with it. Untie them and bring them to me.
1When they drew near to Jerusalem and came to Bethsphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two of his disciples ahead 2and said to them, “Go into the village ahead of you, and immediately as you enter it you will find a colt tied there, on which no one has sat. Untie it and bring it here.
29As he drew near to Bethsphage and Bethany, at the mount called Olivet, he sent two of his disciples ahead, 30saying, “Go into the village ahead of you. As you enter it, you will find a colt tied, on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it here.
12On the next day, when a large crowd that had come to the feast heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem,
3If anyone says anything to you, say, ‘The Lord has need of them.’ And immediately he will send them.”
3If anyone says to you, ‘Why are you doing this?’ say, ‘The Lord has need of it.’ Then he will immediately send it here.”
31If anyone asks you, ‘Why are you untying it?’ tell him this: ‘The Lord has need of it.’ ”
6So the disciples went and did just as Jesus had directed them.
4So they went and found a colt outside in the street tied at a door, and they untied it. 5But some of the people who were standing there said to them, “What are you doing, untying the colt?” 6They answered them just as Jesus had instructed, and the people let them go.
32So those who were sent went off and found it just as he had told them. 33As they were untying the colt, its owners said to them, “Why are you untying the colt?” 34They said, “The Lord has need of it.”
7They brought the donkey and the colt and laid on them their garments, and Jesus sat on them.
7Then they brought the colt to Jesus and put their garments on it, and he sat on it.
35Then they brought the colt to Jesus, threw their garments over it, and set Jesus on it.
13they took palm branches and went out to meet him. They were crying out,“Hosanna!Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord,the King of Israel!” 14Finding a young donkey, Jesus sat on it, just as it is written,
4Now all this took place to fulfill what the Lord had spoken through the prophet: 5“Say to the daughter of Zion,‘Behold, your king is coming to you,humble and mounted on a donkey,and a colt, the foal of a beast of burden.’ ”
15“Do not be afraid, daughter of Zion.Behold, your king is coming,sitting on a donkey's colt.” 16(His disciples did not understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, they remembered that these things were written about him, and that these things had been done to him.) 17Now the crowd that had been with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb and raised him from the dead was testifying about it. 18That is why a crowd went out to meet him, because they heard he had done this sign. 19So the Pharisees said to one another, “You see that you are achieving nothing. Behold, the world has gone after him.”
8A very large crowd spread their garments on the road, and others cut down branches from the trees and also spread them on the road. 9The crowds that went ahead of him and those that followed were crying out,“Hosanna to the Son of David!Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!Hosanna in the highest!”
8Many people spread their garments on the road, and others cut down leafy branches from the trees and also spread them on the road. 9Those who went ahead of him and those who followed were crying out,“Hosanna!Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! 10Blessed is the kingdom of our father David that is coming in the name of the Lord!Hosanna in the highest!”
36As he went along, people were spreading their garments on the road. 37And as he drew near to the descent of the Mount of Olives, the whole multitude of the disciples began to praise God joyfully with a loud voice for all the miracles they had seen, 38saying,“Blessed is the kingwho comes in the name of the Lord!Peace in heaven,and glory in the highest!” 39But some of the Pharisees from among the crowd said to Jesus, “Teacher, rebuke your disciples.” 40In response he said to them, “I tell you, if they keep silent, the stones will cry out.” 41As he drew near to Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it, 42saying, “If only you had known, especially on this your day, what would bring about your peace! But now it is hidden from your eyes. 43For the days will come upon you when your enemies build a barricade around you and encircle you, hemming you in on every side. 44They will raze you to the ground, and your children within you. They will not leave in you one stone upon another, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation.”
10As he came into Jerusalem, the whole city was stirred up, saying, “Who is this?” 11So the crowds were saying, “This is Jesus the prophet, who is from Nazareth of Galilee.”
11aThen Jesus entered Jerusalem
14Then the lame and the blind came to him in the temple courts, and he healed them. 15But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things that he did and the children crying out in the temple courts, “Hosanna to the Son of David,” they were indignant 16and said to him, “Do you hear what these children are saying?” Jesus said to them, “Yes, have you never read,‘Out of the mouths of babies and nursing infantsyou have prepared praise’?”
11band went into the temple courts.
17And leaving them, he went out of the city to Bethany and spent the night there.
11cWhen he had looked around at everything, he went out to Bethany with the twelve, since the hour was already late.
Section 129a
Cursing of the fig tree having leaves but no figs
Bethany, near Jerusalem → Jerusalem
Matthew 21:18-19a
Mark 11:12-14
18Early in the morning, as Jesus was returning to the city, he was hungry. 19aSeeing a lone fig tree by the road, he came to it and found nothing on it but leaves.
12On the next day, as they went out from Bethany, Jesus was hungry. 13Seeing in the distance a fig tree that had leaves, he went to find out if it had any fruit. When he came to it, he found nothing but leaves, because it was not the season for figs. 14In response Jesus said to the fig tree, “May no one ever eat fruit from you again.” And his disciples heard it.
Section 129b
Second cleansing of the temple
Jerusalem, in the temple
Matthew 21:12-13
Mark 11:15-18
Luke 19:45-48
12Then Jesus entered the courts of God's temple and drove out all who were selling and buying there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who were selling doves.
15Then they came to Jerusalem, and Jesus entered the temple courts and began driving out those who were selling and buying there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who were selling doves, 16and he would not allow anyone to carry anything through the temple courts.
45Then Jesus entered the temple courts and began driving out those who were selling and buying there.
13And he said to them, “It is written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer,’ but you have made it a den of robbers.”
17Then he began to teach the people, saying, “Is it not written, ‘My house shall be called a house of prayer for all nations’? But you have made it a den of robbers.” 18When the scribes and the chief priests heard this, they began looking for a way to destroy him, for they were afraid of him, because the entire crowd was astonished at his teaching.
46He said to them, “It is written, ‘My house is a house of prayer,’ but you have made it a den of robbers.” 47Every day Jesus was teaching in the temple courts, but the chief priests and the scribes were seeking to destroy him, and so were the prominent leaders among the people. 48But they could not figure out what to do, for all the people were hanging on his every word as they listened to him.
Section 130a
Request of some Greeks to see Jesus and necessity of the Son of Man\'s being lifted up
Jerusalem
John 12:20-36a
20Now there were some Greeks among those who went up to worship at the feast. 21They came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and requested of him, “Sir, we would like to see Jesus.” 22Philip went and told Andrew, and in turn Andrew and Philip told Jesus. 23Jesus replied to them, “The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. 24Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit. 25Whoever loves his life will lose it, but whoever hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life. 26If anyone wants to serve me, he must follow me; and where I am, there will my servant be also. If anyone serves me, the Father will honor him.” 27“My soul is now troubled. And what shall I say? ‘Father, save me from this hour’? No, it is for this reason that I have come to this hour. 28Father, glorify your name.” Then a voice came from heaven: “I have glorified it, and will glorify it again.” 29When the crowd standing there heard the voice, they said it was thunder. Others said, “An angel has spoken to him.” 30Jesus responded, “This voice has come not for my sake, but for your sake. 31Now is the judgment of this world. Now the ruler of this world will be cast out. 32And when I am lifted up from the earth, I will draw all people to myself.” 33(He said this to indicate the kind of death he was going to die.) 34The crowd responded to him, “We have heard from the law that the Christ remains forever, so how can you say, ‘The Son of Man must be lifted up’? Who is this ‘Son of Man’?” 35Jesus said to them, “The light is with you for a little while longer. Walk while you have the light, so that the darkness may not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going. 36aWhile you have the light, believe in the light, so that you may become sons of light.”
Section 130b
Different responses to Jesus and Jesus' response to the crowds
Jerusalem
John 12:36b-50
36bAfter saying these things, Jesus went away and was hidden from them. 37Although he had done so many signs in their presence, they did not believe in him. 38This was to fulfill what had been spoken by Isaiah the prophet:“Lord, who has believed our report?And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” 39For this reason they could not believe, for again Isaiah said, 40“He has blinded their eyesand hardened their hearts,lest they should see with their eyesand understand with their heart and turn back,and I would heal them.” 41Isaiah said these things when he saw the Lord's glory and spoke about him. 42Nevertheless, many even among the rulers believed in him, but because of the Pharisees they would not confess it, so that they would not be put out of the synagogue. 43For they loved the glory that comes from men more than the glory that comes from God. 44Then Jesus cried out and said, “Whoever believes in me, believes not in me but in him who sent me. 45And whoever sees me sees him who sent me. 46I have come into the world as light, so that no one who believes in me should remain in darkness. 47If anyone hears my words and does not believe, I do not judge him; for I did not come to judge the world, but to save the world. 48He who rejects me and does not receive my words has a judge; the word I have spoken will judge him on the last day. 49For I have not spoken on my own authority, but the Father who sent me gave me a commandment as to what I should say and what I should speak. 50And I know that his commandment leads to eternal life. What I speak, therefore, I speak just as the Father has told me.”
Section 131
Withered fig tree and the lesson on faith
Bethany, near Jerusalem → Jerusalem
Matthew 21:19b-22
Mark 11:19-26
19And when evening came, he went out of the city.
19bThen he said to it, “May there never be any fruit from you again.” And at once the fig tree withered. 20When the disciples saw it, they were amazed, saying, “How did the fig tree wither all at once?” 21Jesus answered them, “Truly I say to you, if you have faith and do not doubt, not only will you do what has been done to the fig tree, but even if you say to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and thrown into the sea,’ it will happen. 22And if you have faith, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer.”
20In the morning, as they went along, they saw that the fig tree had withered from its roots. 21Then Peter remembered what had happened and said to Jesus, “Rabbi, behold, the fig tree that you cursed has withered!” 22In response Jesus said to them, “Have faith in God. 23For truly I say to you, if anyone says to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and thrown into the sea,’ and does not doubt in his heart, but believes that what he says is going to happen, whatever he says will be granted to him. 24Therefore I tell you, whatever you ask for in prayer, believe that you are receiving it, and it will be yours. 25And whenever you stand praying, if you have anything against anyone, forgive him, so that your Father in heaven will also forgive you your trespasses. 26But if you do not forgive, neither will your Father in heaven forgive your trespasses.”
Section 132a
Questioning of Jesus' authority by the chief priests, teachers o the law, and elders
Jerusalem, in the temple
Matthew 21:23-27
Mark 11:27-33
Luke 20:1-8
23When he entered the temple courts, the chief priests and the elders of the people came up to him as he was teaching and said, “By what authority are you doing these things? And who gave you this authority?” 24Jesus answered them, “I will also ask you one question. If you tell me the answer, I will also tell you by what authority I am doing these things. 25aWhere did John's authority to baptize come from? From heaven or from men?”
27Again they came to Jerusalem, and as Jesus was walking in the temple courts, the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders came up to him 28and said to him, “By what authority are you doing these things? And who gave you this authority to do them?” 29Jesus answered them, “I will also ask you one question; answer me, and I will tell you by what authority I am doing these things: 30Did John's authority to baptize come from heaven or from men? Answer me.”
1One day, as Jesus was teaching the people in the temple courts and preaching the gospel, the priests and the scribes came with the elders 2and said to him, “Tell us, by what authority are you doing these things, or who is it that gave you this authority?” 3He answered them, “I will also ask you one question. Tell me: 4Did John's authority to baptize come from heaven or from men?”
25bSo they discussed it among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say to us, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’ 26But we are afraid of what the crowd might do if we say, ‘From men,’ for everyone regards John as a prophet.” 27So they answered Jesus, “We do not know.” Then he said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.
31So they considered it among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’ 32But shall we say, ‘From men’?”—they were afraid of the people, for everyone thought that John was truly a prophet. 33So they answered Jesus, “We do not know.” In response Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”
5So they discussed it among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will say, ‘Why did you not believe him?’ 6But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are persuaded that John was a prophet.” 7So they answered that they did not know where it came from. 8Then Jesus said to them, “Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things.”
Section 132b
Jesus' response with his own question and three parables
Jerusalem, in the temple
Matthew 21:28-22:14
Mark 12:1-12
Luke 20:9-19
28“But what do you think? A man had two sons. He went to his first son and said, ‘Son, go work today in my vineyard.’ 29His son answered, ‘I will not,’ but afterward he changed his mind and went. 30Then the man went to his second son and said the same thing. His second son answered, ‘I will go, sir,’ but he did not go. 31Which of the two did the will of his father?” They said to him, “The first.” Jesus said to them, “Truly I say to you, tax collectors and prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you. 32For John came to you in the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but tax collectors and prostitutes believed him. Yet even after you saw it, you did not change your minds and believe him.
33“Listen to another parable: There was a master of a house who planted a vineyard, put a fence around it, dug a winepress in it, built a tower, leased it to farmers, and left the country. 34When the season for fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the farmers to receive his fruit. 35But the farmers took his servants; they beat one, killed another, and stoned yet another. 36Again he sent other servants, more than the first. But the farmers treated them in the same way.
1Then Jesus began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard, put a fence around it, dug a pit for the winepress, built a tower, leased it to farmers, and left the country. 2At harvest time he sent a servant to the farmers to receive from them some of the fruit of the vineyard. 3But they took him, beat him, and sent him away empty-handed. 4Again he sent to them another servant, and they threw stones at him, struck him on the head, and sent him away after dishonoring him. 5Again he sent another, and that one they killed. He also sent many others, some of whom they beat, and some of whom they killed.
9Then he began to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, leased it to farmers, and left the country for a long time. 10At harvest time he sent a servant to the farmers so that they would give him some of the fruit of the vineyard. But the farmers beat him and sent him away empty-handed. 11So he proceeded to send another servant, but they beat him also, treated him shamefully, and sent him away empty-handed. 12Then he proceeded to send a third, but they wounded him as well and threw him out.
37Last of all, he sent them his son, saying, ‘They will have respect for my son.’ 38But when the farmers saw the son, they said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him and take possession of his inheritance.’ 39So they took him, threw him out of the vineyard, and killed him. 40Now when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those farmers?” 41They said to him, “He will bring those wretches to a wretched end and lease the vineyard to other farmers who will give him the fruits in their seasons.”
6Now he still had his one beloved son. He sent him to them as well, last of all, saying, ‘They will have respect for my son.’ 7But the farmers said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 8So they took him, killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard. 9What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy those farmers and give the vineyard to others.
13So the owner of the vineyard said, ‘What should I do? I will send my beloved son; perhaps when they see him they will have respect for him.’ 14But when they saw him, the farmers discussed it among themselves, saying, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him so that the inheritance will be ours.’ 15So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them? 16He will come and destroy those farmers and give the vineyard to others.” When the people heard this, they said, “Certainly not!”
42Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures,‘The stone that the builders rejectedhas become the cornerstone;this was the Lord's doing,and it is amazing in our eyes’? 43Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit. 44He who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.” 45When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard Jesus' parables, they knew he was speaking about them.
10Have you not read this Scripture:‘The stone that the builders rejectedhas become the cornerstone; 11this was the Lord's doing,and it is amazing in our eyes’?”
17But Jesus looked at them and said, “What then is the meaning of this Scripture:‘The stone that the builders rejectedhas become the cornerstone’? 18Everyone who falls on that stone will be broken to pieces, but anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.”
46Although they were looking for a way to arrest him, they were afraid of the crowds, because the people regarded him as a prophet. 1Once again Jesus spoke to them in parables, saying, 2“The kingdom of heaven can be compared to a king who prepared a wedding feast for his son. 3He sent his servants to call those who had been invited to the wedding feast, but they would not come. 4Again he sent other servants, saying, ‘Tell those who are invited, “Behold, I have prepared my dinner, my oxen and the fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding feast.” ’ 5But they paid no attention and went away, one to his own field and another to his business. 6The rest seized his servants, mistreated them, and killed them. 7When the king heard about it, he was furious. So he sent his armies, who destroyed those murderers and burned down their city. 8Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding feast is ready, but those who were invited were not worthy. 9Go therefore to where the roads exit the city and invite to the wedding feast anyone you find.’ 10So the servants went out to the roads and gathered together all whom they found, both evil and good, and the wedding feast was filled with guests. 11“But when the king came in to see the guests, he saw a man there who was not clothed with a wedding garment. 12So he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you come in here without a wedding garment?’ But the man was speechless. 13Then the king said to the servants, ‘Bind his feet and hands, take him away, and throw him into the outer darkness. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’ 14For many are called, but few are chosen.”
12Then the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders were looking for a way to arrest Jesus because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd, so they left him and went away.
19Then the chief priests and the scribes wanted to arrest him at that very hour, for they knew he had spoken this parable against them, but they were afraid.
Section 133
Attempts by Pharisees and Herodians to trap Jesus with a question about paying taxes to Caesar
Perhaps Jerusalem, in the temple
Matthew 22:15-22
Mark 12:13-17
Luke 20:20-26
15Then the Pharisees went and took counsel as to how they might ensnare Jesus in what he said. 16They sent their disciples to him, along with the Herodians, saying, “Teacher, we know that you are true and teach the way of God in truth and defer to no one, for you do not show partiality. 17Tell us then, what do you think? Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar or not?” 18But Jesus knew their evil intent and said, “Why are you testing me, you hypocrites? 19Show me the coin for the tax.” So they brought him a denarius. 20Then he said to them, “Whose image and inscription is this?” 21They said to him, “Caesar's.” So he said to them, “Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's.” 22When they heard this, they were amazed. So they left him and went away.
13Later they sent to him some of the Pharisees and the Herodians, to trap him in his speech. 14They came and said to him, “Teacher, we know that you are true and defer to no one, for you do not show partiality but teach the way of God in truth. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not? 15Should we give, or should we not give?” But knowing their hypocrisy, Jesus said to them, “Why are you testing me? Bring me a denarius and let me look at it.” 16So they brought one. Then he said to them, “Whose image and inscription is this?” They said to him, “Caesar's.” 17In response Jesus said to them, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's.” And they were amazed at him.
20So they watched him and sent spies who pretended to be sincere in order to catch him in something he said, so that they could deliver him up to the jurisdiction and authority of the governor. 21The spies asked him, “Teacher, we know that you speak and teach correctly, and that you do not show partiality but teach the way of God in truth. 22Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?” 23But perceiving their craftiness, Jesus said to them, “Why are you testing me? 24Show me a denarius. Whose image and inscription does it have?” They answered, “Caesar's.” 25He said to them, “Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's.” 26So they were not able to catch him in what he said in the presence of the people. And being amazed at his answer, they fell silent.
Section 134
Sadducees' puzzling question about the resurrection
Perhaps Jerusalem, in the temple
Matthew 22:23-33
Mark 12:18-27
Luke 20:27-40
23On that day some Sadducees (who say there is no resurrection) came to Jesus and asked him, 24“Teacher, Moses said, ‘If a man dies without having children, his brother must marry the widow and raise up offspring for him.’ 25Now there were seven brothers among us. The first married and died, and having no offspring, he left his wife to his brother. 26The same thing happened to the second and to the third, down to the seventh. 27Last of all, the woman also died. 28In the resurrection, therefore, which of the seven will she be the wife of? For they all had her.”
18Then some Sadducees (who say there is no resurrection) came to Jesus and asked him, 19“Teacher, Moses wrote for us: ‘If a man's brother dies, leaving a wife but no children, that man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.’ 20Now there were seven brothers. The first married a woman and died, leaving no offspring. 21The second married her and died, and he also left no offspring; the third did likewise. 22In fact, the seven all married her and left no offspring. Last of all, the woman also died. 23In the resurrection, when they rise again, which of them will she be the wife of? For the seven all had her as a wife.”
27Now some of the Sadducees, who deny that there is a resurrection, came up and asked Jesus, 28“Teacher, Moses wrote for us: ‘If a man's brother dies, leaving a wife but no children, that man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.’ 29Now there were seven brothers. The first married a woman and died childless. 30The second married the widow, and he also died childless. 31Likewise, the third also married her. In the same way all seven died, leaving no children. 32Last of all, the woman also died. 33In the resurrection, therefore, which of them will she be the wife of? For the seven all had her as a wife.”
29Jesus answered them, “You are in error because you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God.
24Jesus answered them, “Is this not why you are in error, because you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God?
30For in the resurrection people neither marry nor are they given in marriage. Instead, they are like angels of God in heaven.
25For when people rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are they given in marriage. Instead, they are like the angels in heaven.
34Jesus answered them, “The people of this age marry and are given in marriage, 35but those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are they given in marriage. 36Indeed they can no longer die, for they are like angels. They are sons of God, since they are sons of the resurrection.
31But as for the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what God said to you: 32‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? He is not the God of the dead, but of the living.” 33And when the crowds heard this, they were astonished at his teaching.
26But as for the dead being raised, have you not read in the Book of Moses, in the passage about the burning bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? 27He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living. You have therefore made a serious error.”
37But even Moses indicated that the dead are raised, when he said in the passage about the burning bush, ‘The Lord, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ 38He is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for to him all are alive.” 39Then some of the scribes responded, “Teacher, you have spoken well.” 40And they no longer dared to ask him anything.
Section 135
A Pharisee's legal question
Perhaps Jerusalem, in the temple
Matthew 22:34-40
Mark 12:28-34
34Now when the Pharisees heard that Jesus had silenced the Sadducees, they gathered together. 35And one of them, a lawyer, asked Jesus a question to test him: 36“Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the law?” 37Jesus said to him, “ ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ 38This is the most important and greatest commandment. 39And a second is like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ 40All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”
28Now one of the scribes came up and heard them debating, and when he realized that Jesus had answered them well, he asked him, “Which is the most important commandment of all?” 29Jesus answered him, “The most important of all the commandments is this: ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. 30And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the most important commandment. 31And a second like it is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.” 32Then the scribe said to him, “You are right, Teacher. In truth you have said that God is one, and that there is no other besides him, 33and that to love him with all your heart, with all your understanding, with all your soul, and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself is greater than every whole burnt offering and sacrifice.” 34When Jesus saw that the man had answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And no one dared to ask him questions anymore.
Section 136
Christ's relationship to David as son and Lord
Jerusalem, in the temple
Matthew 22:41-46
Mark 12:35-37
Luke 20:41-44
41While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them, 42“What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” They said to him, “David's.”
35As Jesus taught in the temple courts, he said, “How can the scribes say that the Christ is the Son of David?
43He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him ‘Lord,’ saying, 44‘The Lord said to my Lord,“Sit at my right handuntil I make your enemies a footstool for your feet” ’? 45If David calls him ‘Lord,’ how is he his son?” 46No one was able to say anything in reply, nor did anyone dare to ask him questions anymore from that day forward.
36For David himself said in the Holy Spirit,‘The Lord said to my Lord,“Sit at my right handuntil I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” ’ 37David himself calls him ‘Lord,’ so how is he his son?” And the large crowd was listening to him gladly.
41Then Jesus said to them, “How can it be said that the Christ is the Son of David? 42Even David himself says in the Book of Psalms,‘The Lord said to my Lord,“Sit at my right hand 43until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” ’ 44David calls him ‘Lord,’ so how is he his son?”
Section 137a
Seven woes against the teachers of the law and Pharisees
Jerusalem, in the temple
Matthew 23:1-36
Mark 12:38-40
Luke 20:45-47
1Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples, 2“The scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses' seat. 3Therefore observe and do all that they tell you to observe. But do not do what they do, for they say things and do not do them. 4They bind burdens that are heavy and hard to bear and lay them on people's shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them. 5They do all their works to be seen by others. They make their phylacteries wide and the fringes of their garments long. 6They love the place of honor at banquets, the best seats in the synagogues, 7greetings in the marketplaces, and when others call them ‘Rabbi, Rabbi.’ 8But you are not to be called ‘Rabbi,’ for there is one who is your instructor, the Christ, and you are all brothers. 9And do not call anyone on earth your father, for there is one who is your Father, he who is in heaven. 10Neither are you to be called instructors, for there is one who is your instructor, the Christ. 11But he who is greater among you must be your servant. 12For whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted. 13“But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you devour widows' houses and for a pretense make long prayers. Therefore you will receive a more severe judgment. 14“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you shut the kingdom of heaven in people's faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor do you let in those who are trying to enter. 15“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you cross sea and land to make a single convert, and when he has become one, you make him twice as much a son of hell as yourselves. 16“Woe to you, blind guides, who say, ‘If anyone swears by the temple, it is nothing; but if anyone swears by the gold of the temple, he is bound by his oath.’ 17You fools and blind men! Which is greater, the gold or the temple that makes the gold sacred? 18You also say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar, it is nothing; but if anyone swears by the gift on the altar, he is bound by his oath.’ 19You fools and blind men! Which is greater, the gift or the altar that makes the gift sacred? 20Therefore, whoever swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it. 21And whoever swears by the temple swears by it and by him who dwells in it. 22And whoever swears by heaven swears by the throne of God and by him who sits upon it. 23“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, yet you have neglected the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faith. These you ought to have done without neglecting the others. 24You blind guides, who strain out a gnat but swallow a camel! 25“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you cleanse the outside of the cup and the dish, but inside they are full of plunder and unrighteousness. 26You blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and the dish, and then the outside of them will also be clean. 27“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs, which appear beautiful on the outside, but inside they are full of the bones of the dead and all uncleanness. 28In the same way, you also appear righteous to others on the outside, but inside you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness. 29“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs of the prophets and adorn the graves of the righteous, 30and you say, ‘If we had been alive in the days of our fathers, we would not have been participants with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ 31Therefore you bear witness against yourselves that you are the sons of those who murdered the prophets. 32Fill up, then, the measure of your fathers. 33You serpents, you brood of vipers! How will you escape being sentenced to hell? 34Therefore, behold, I am sending you prophets, sages, and scribes. Some of them you will kill and crucify, and some of them you will flog in your synagogues and persecute from town to town. 35As a result, all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth will come upon you, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Barachiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. 36Truly I say to you, all these things will come upon this generation.
38Jesus also said to them in his teaching, “Beware of the scribes, who like to walk around in long robes, and to receive greetings in the marketplaces, 39and to have the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets, 40who devour widows' houses and for a pretense make long prayers. They will receive a more severe judgment.”
45As all the people were listening, Jesus said to his disciples, 46“Beware of the scribes. They like to walk around in long robes, and they love to be greeted in the marketplaces and to have the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets. 47They devour widows' houses and for a pretense make long prayers. They will receive a more severe judgment.”
Section 137b
Jesus' sorrow over Jerusalem
Jerusalem, in the temple
Matthew 23:37-39
37“O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to you! How often I have wanted to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were not willing! 38Behold, your house is left to you desolate. 39For I tell you, from now on you will certainly not see me until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.’ ”
Section 138
A poor widow's gift of all she had
Jerusalem, in the temple
Mark 12:41-44
Luke 21:1-4
41Later Jesus sat down across from the treasury and watched how the crowd was putting money into the treasury. Many rich people put in large amounts. 42Then a poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, which are worth a penny.
1Then Jesus looked up and saw the rich putting their gifts into the treasury. 2He also saw a poor widow there putting in two small copper coins.
43So Jesus called his disciples over and said to them, “Truly I say to you, this poor widow has put more money into the treasury than all the others. 44For they have all put in money out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, has put in all that she had, her entire livelihood.”
3So he said, “Truly I say to you, this poor widow has put in more than all the others. 4For they have all put in gifts for God out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, has put in all that she had to live on.”
Section 139a
The olivet Discourse - Setting of the discourse
Jerusalem, in the temple → The Mount of Olives
Matthew 24:1-3
Mark 13:1-4
Luke 21:5-7
1As Jesus came out from the temple courts and was walking away, his disciples came to him to show him the buildings of the temple. 2But Jesus said to them, “You see all these things, do you not? Truly I say to you, there will certainly not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.” 3Later, as Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately and said, “Tell us, when will these things happen? And what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?”
1As Jesus was coming out from the temple courts, one of his disciples said to him, “Teacher, look! What wonderful stones and what wonderful buildings!” 2Jesus answered him, “Do you see these great buildings? There will certainly not be left one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.” 3Later, as Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, across from the temple, Peter, James, John, and Andrew asked him privately, 4“Tell us, when will these things happen? And what will be the sign when all these things are about to be fulfilled?”
5Then, as some were talking about how the temple was adorned with beautiful stones and gifts consecrated to God, Jesus said, 6“As for these things that you see, the days will come in which there will not be left one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.” 7So they asked him, “Teacher, when will these things happen? And what will be the sign when these things are about to take place?”
Section 139b
The olivet Discourse - Beginning of birth pains
The Mount of Olives
Matthew 24:4-14
Mark 13:5-13
Luke 21:8-19
4Jesus answered them, “See that no one leads you astray. 5For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am the Christ,’ and they will lead many astray. 6You will hear of wars and rumors of wars. See that you are not alarmed, for all these things must take place, but the end is not yet. 7For nation will rise up against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines, plagues, and earthquakes in various places. 8But all these things are the beginning of the labor pains.
5Jesus began to say to them in response, “See that no one leads you astray. 6For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’ and will lead many astray. 7When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed, for these things must take place, but the end is not yet. 8For nation will rise up against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, along with famines and riots. These are the beginning of the labor pains.
8He said, “See that you are not led astray. For many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he,’ and, ‘The time has drawn near.’ Do not go after them. 9When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be terrified, for these things must first take place, but the end will not immediately follow.” 10Then he said to them, “Nation will rise up against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 11There will be great earthquakes in various places, along with famines and plagues. There will also be terrifying sights and great signs from heaven.
9“Then they will deliver you up to tribulation and kill you, and you will be hated by all nations because of my name. 10Many will fall away and will betray one another and hate one another.
9“You must watch out for yourselves, for they will deliver you up to councils, and you will be beaten in synagogues. For my sake you will even be set before governors and kings as witnesses to them.
12But before all these things take place, they will arrest you and persecute you. They will deliver you up to synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors for my name's sake. 13This will lead to opportunities for you to bear witness.
10And the gospel must first be proclaimed to all nations. 11When they lead you away and hand you over, do not be anxious beforehand about what you should say. Do not give it much thought, but say whatever is given to you in that hour, for it will not be you speaking, but the Holy Spirit. 12Brother will deliver up brother to death, and a father his child, and children will rise up against their parents and have them put to death. 13aYou will be hated by all because of my name,
14Therefore settle it in your hearts not to prepare your defense in advance. 15For I will give you a mouth to speak and wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to refute or resist. 16You will even be betrayed by parents, relatives, friends, and brothers, and they will have some of you put to death. 17You will be hated by all because of my name. 18Yet not a hair of your head will by any means perish. 19You must gain your lives by your patient endurance.
11Many false prophets will rise up and lead many astray. 12Because lawlessness will be increased, the love of many will grow cold,
13but he who endures to the end will be saved. 14And this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed in the whole world as a testimony to all nations, and then the end will come.
13bbut he who endures to the end will be saved.
Section 139c
The olivet Discourse - Abomination of desolation and subsequent distress
The Mount of Olives
Matthew 24:15-28
Mark 13:14-23
Luke 21:20-24
15“So when you see the abomination of desolation, which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place” (let the reader understand),
14“When you see the abomination of desolation, which was spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing where it should not be” (let the reader understand), “then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains.
16“then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains. 17He who is on the housetop must not come down to get anything out of his house. 18And he who is in the field must not turn back to get his garments.
15He who is on the housetop must not come down into his house or go inside to get anything out of his house. 16And he who is in the field must not turn back to get his cloak.
20“When you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, know that its desolation is near. 21Then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains, those who are in the city must get out, and those who are in the countryside must not enter the city. 22For those will be days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written.
19Woe to those who are with child and to those who are nursing infants in those days! 20Pray that your flight will not happen in winter or on a Sabbath. 21For at that time there will be a great tribulation unlike any other from the beginning of the world until now, and it will never be equaled again. 22If those days had not been cut short, no flesh would be saved. But for the sake of the chosen those days will be cut short.
17Woe to those who are with child and to those who are nursing infants in those days! 18Pray that your flight will not happen in winter. 19For those days will be a time of tribulation unlike any other from the beginning of God's creation until now, and it will never be equaled again. 20If the Lord had not cut those days short, no flesh would be saved. But for the sake of the chosen, whom he has selected, he has cut those days short.
23aWoe to those who are with child and to those who are nursing infants in those days!
23bFor there will be great distress in the land and wrath against this people. 24They will fall by the edge of the sword and be led captive into all the nations, and Jerusalem will be trampled by the Gentiles until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.
23If anyone says to you at that time, ‘Behold, here is the Christ!’ or, ‘Here he is!’ do not believe him. 24For false christs and false prophets will rise up and perform great signs and wonders so as to lead astray, if possible, even the chosen. 25Behold, I have told you in advance. 26So if they say to you, ‘Behold, he is in the wilderness,’ do not go out, or, ‘Behold, he is in the inner rooms,’ do not believe it. 27For just as lightning comes from the east and shines to the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. 28For where the carcass is, there the vultures will be gathered together.
21If anyone says to you at that time, ‘Behold, here is the Christ!’ or, ‘Behold, there he is!’ do not believe him. 22For false christs and false prophets will rise up and perform signs and wonders to lead astray, if possible, even the chosen. 23So you must watch out! Behold, I have told you everything in advance.
Section 139d
The olivet Discourse - Coming of the Son of Man
The Mount of Olives
Matthew 24:29-31
Mark 13:24-27
Luke 21:25-27
29“But immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light. The stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
24“But in those days, after that time of tribulation, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light. 25The stars of heaven will be falling, and the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken.
25“There will be signs in the sun, moon, and stars, and on the earth there will be distress among the nations as they are perplexed by the roaring sea and the surging waves. 26People will faint from fear and foreboding of what is coming upon the world, for the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
30Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the heavens, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn when they see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. 31And he will send his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather together his chosen from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other.
26Then people will see the Son of Man coming in the clouds with great power and glory. 27And he will send his angels and gather together his chosen from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven.
27Then they will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.
Section 139e
The olivet Discourse - Signs of nearness but unknown time
The Mount of Olives
Matthew 24:32-41
Mark 13:28-32
Luke 21:28-33
28So when these things begin to take place, stand tall and lift up your heads, for your redemption is near.”
32“Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its branches become tender and put out leaves, you know that summer is near. 33So also, when you see all these things, know that he is near, at the very gates. 34Truly I say to you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have taken place. 35Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will certainly not pass away.
28“Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its branches become tender and put out leaves, you know that summer is near. 29So also, when you see these things taking place, know that he is near, at the very gates. 30Truly I say to you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have taken place. 31Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will certainly not pass away.
29Then he told them a parable: “Consider the fig tree and all the other trees. 30As soon as they sprout leaves, you can see for yourselves and know that summer is near. 31So also, when you see these things taking place, know that the kingdom of God is near. 32Truly I say to you, this generation will certainly not pass away until all things have taken place. 33Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will certainly not pass away.
36“No one knows about that day and hour, not even the angels of heaven, but only my Father. 37As were the days of Noah, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. 38For in the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah went into the ark. 39They knew nothing about what would happen until the flood came and took them all away. So will it be at the coming of the Son of Man. 40Two men will be in the field; one will be taken and one will be left. 41Two women will be grinding grain at the mill; one will be taken and one will be left.
32“No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven or the Son, but only the Father.
Section 139f
The olivet Discourse - Five darables to teach watchfulness an faithfulness
The Mount of Olives
Matthew 24:42-25:30
Mark 13:33-37
Luke 21:34-36
33Be on guard; stay alert and pray! For you do not know when the time is coming. 34It is like a man away on a journey: When he leaves his house and gives authority to his servants, assigning to each one his task, he also commands the doorkeeper to keep watch.
34“Watch yourselves, lest your hearts be weighed down with carousing, drunkenness, and the cares of this life, and that day come upon you suddenly. 35For it will come like a trap upon all who dwell on the face of the whole earth.
42Therefore keep watch, for you do not know in what hour your Lord is coming.
35Therefore keep watch, for you do not know when the master of the house is coming—in the evening, at midnight, when the rooster crows, or in the morning. 36Otherwise, he may come suddenly and find you sleeping. 37What I say to you, I say to everyone: Keep watch!”
36Therefore stay alert at all times, praying that you may be considered worthy to escape everything that will take place, and to stand before the Son of Man.”
43But know this: If the master of the house had known at what time of night the thief was coming, he would have kept watch and not allowed his house to be broken into. 44Therefore you also must be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour when you do not expect him. 45“Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom his master has set over his household, to give them their food at the proper time? 46Blessed is that servant whom his master finds so doing when he comes. 47Truly I say to you, he will set him over all his possessions. 48But if that evil servant says in his heart, ‘My master is delayed in coming,’ 49and begins to beat his fellow servants and to eat and drink with the drunkards, 50the master of that servant will come on a day when he does not expect him and at an hour he does not foresee, 51and will cut him in two and assign his portion to be with the hypocrites. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. 1“At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. 2Five of them were wise, and five were foolish. 3When those who were foolish took their lamps, they did not take oil with them, 4but the wise took oil in their flasks along with their lamps. 5When the bridegroom was delayed, they all became drowsy and slept. 6But in the middle of the night there was a shout: ‘Behold, the bridegroom is coming! Come out to meet him.’ 7Then all the virgins rose and trimmed their lamps. 8And the foolish ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil, for our lamps are going out.’ 9But the wise replied, ‘No, there will not be enough for us and for you. Instead, go to those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’ 10But while they were on their way to buy it, the bridegroom came, and those who were ready went in with him to the wedding feast. Then the door was shut. 11Afterward the other virgins also came, saying, ‘Lord, Lord, open the door for us.’ 12But he answered, ‘Truly I say to you, I do not know you.’ 13Therefore keep watch, for you do not know the day or the hour in which the Son of Man is coming. 14“For it is just like a man about to go on a journey, who called his servants and entrusted his possessions to them. 15To one he gave five talents, to another two talents, and to another one talent, to each according to his ability. And he immediately went on his journey. 16The man who had received the five talents went and traded with them, and made five more talents. 17In the same way, the man who had received the two talents also earned two more. 18But the man who had received the one talent went and dug a hole in the ground and hid his master's money. 19“After a long time the master of those servants came and settled accounts with them. 20The man who had received the five talents came to him and brought the other five talents, saying, ‘Master, you entrusted me with five talents; behold, I have earned five more talents besides them.’ 21His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful over a few things; I will set you over many things. Enter into the joy of your master.’ 22The man who had received the two talents also came to him and said, ‘Master, you entrusted me with two talents; behold, I have earned two more talents besides them.’ 23His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful over a few things; I will set you over many things. Enter into the joy of your master.’ 24Then the man who had received the one talent came to him and said, ‘Master, I knew that you were a hard man, reaping where you did not sow and gathering where you scattered no seed. 25So I was afraid and went and hid your talent in the ground. Behold, you have what is yours.’ 26But his master answered him, ‘You evil and lazy servant! You knew, did you, that I reap where I did not sow and gather where I scattered no seed? 27Then you should have deposited my money with the bankers, and when I came I would have received what is mine with interest. 28Therefore take the talent from him and give it to the one who has ten talents. 29For everyone who has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. But the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. 30And throw that worthless servant into the outer darkness. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’
Section 139g
The olivet Discourse - Judgment at the Son of Man's coming
The Mount of Olives
Matthew 25:31-46
31“When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, he will sit down on his throne of glory. 32All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate them from one another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33He will set the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. 34Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. 35For I was hungry, and you gave me something to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me something to drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in; 36I was naked, and you clothed me; I was sick, and you looked after me; I was in prison, and you came to visit me.’ 37Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? 38When did we see you as a stranger and take you in, or naked and clothe you? 39When did we see you sick or in prison and come to visit you?’ 40The King will answer them, ‘Truly I say to you, inasmuch as you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me.’ 41“Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are accursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. 42For I was hungry, and you did not give me anything to eat; I was thirsty, and you did not give me anything to drink; 43I was a stranger, and you did not take me in; I was naked, and you did not clothe me; I was sick and in prison, and you did not look after me.’ 44Then they too will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or as a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and not take care of you?’ 45He will answer them, ‘Truly I say to you, inasmuch as you did not do it to one of the least of these, neither did you do it to me.’ 46And these will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”
Section 139h
Jesus' daily routine during Passion Week
Jerusalem, in the temple & The Mount of Olives
Section 140
Plot by the Sanhedrin to arrest and kill Jesus
The Mount of Olives & Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas
Matthew 26:1-5
Mark 14:1-2
Luke 22:1-2
1When Jesus had finished saying all these things, he said to his disciples, 2“You know that after two days the Passover is coming, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified.” 3Then the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders of the people were gathered together in the courtyard of the high priest, whose name was Caiaphas, 4and they plotted together to arrest Jesus by stealth and kill him. 5But they said, “Not during the feast, lest there be a riot among the people.”
1Now the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread were two days away, and the chief priests and the scribes were looking for a way to arrest Jesus by stealth and kill him. 2But they said, “Not during the feast, otherwise there will be a riot among the people.”
1Now the Feast of Unleavened Bread was drawing near, which is called Passover, 2and the chief priests and the scribes were looking for a way to get rid of Jesus quietly, for they were afraid of the people.
Section 141
Mary's anointing of Jesus for burial
Bethany, in the home of Simon the Leper
Matthew 26:6-13
Mark 14:3-9
John 12:2-8
6Now when Jesus was in Bethany, in the house of Simon the leper, 7a woman came to him with an alabaster jar of very expensive ointment, and she poured it out on his head as he reclined at the table.
3Meanwhile Jesus was in Bethany, reclining at the table in the house of Simon the leper, and a woman came with an alabaster jar of very expensive ointment made of pure nard. She broke the alabaster jar and poured out the ointment on his head.
2They prepared a supper for Jesus there. Martha was serving, and Lazarus was one of the people reclining at the table with him. 3Then Mary took a pound of expensive ointment made of pure nard, anointed Jesus' feet, and wiped his feet with her hair. The house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment.
8When his disciples saw it, they were indignant and said, “For what purpose is this waste? 9This ointment could have been sold for a large sum, and the money could have been given to the poor.”
4But some were expressing indignation to one another, saying, “For what purpose has this ointment been wasted? 5It could have been sold for more than three hundred denarii, and the money could have been given to the poor.” So they began scolding her.
4Then one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, who was about to betray him, said, 5“Why was this ointment not sold for three hundred denarii and the money given to the poor?” 6(He said this not because he cared about the poor, but because he was a thief; he was the keeper of the moneybag and would pilfer what was put into it.)
10Aware of this, Jesus said to them, “Why are you causing trouble for this woman? For she has done a good deed to me. 11You always have the poor with you, but you do not always have me. 12She has put this ointment on my body to prepare me for burial. 13Truly I say to you, wherever this gospel is preached in the whole world, what this woman has done will also be spoken of as a memorial to her.”
6But Jesus said, “Leave her alone. Why are you causing trouble for her? She has done a good deed to me. 7For you always have the poor with you, and you can do good to them whenever you wish, but you do not always have me. 8She has done what she could; she has anointed my body beforehand to prepare me for burial. 9Truly I say to you, wherever this gospel is preached in the whole world, what this woman has done will also be spoken of as a memorial to her.”
7So Jesus said, “Leave her alone; she has kept this ointment for the day of my burial. 8For you always have the poor with you, but you do not always have me.”
Section 142
Judas' agreement to betray Jesus
Jerusalem
Matthew 26:14-16
Mark 14:10-11
Luke 22:3-6
14Then one of the twelve, the one called Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests 15and said, “What are you willing to give me if I deliver him up to you?” So they set out for him thirty pieces of silver. 16And from then on he was looking for an opportunity to betray Jesus.
10Then Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went to the chief priests to deliver Jesus up to them. 11When they heard why he had come, they were glad and promised to give him money. So he was looking for a way to betray Jesus at an opportune time.
3Then Satan entered into Judas, the one called Iscariot, who was numbered among the twelve. 4He went away and discussed with the chief priests and officers how he might deliver Jesus up to them. 5They were glad and agreed to give him money. 6So he accepted the offer and began looking for an opportunity to deliver Jesus up to them in the absence of a crowd.
Section 143
Preparation for the Passover meal
Jerusalem
Matthew 26:17-19
Mark 14:12-16
Luke 22:7-13
17On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the disciples came to Jesus and said to him, “Where do you want us to make preparations for you to eat the Passover?”
12On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover lamb is sacrificed, Jesus' disciples said to him, “Where do you want us to go and make preparations for you to eat the Passover?”
7Then came the day for the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed.
18He said, “Go into the city to a certain man and say to him, ‘The Teacher says, “My time is near. I am going to keep the Passover with you, along with my disciples.” ’ ”
13So he sent two of his disciples and said to them, “Go into the city, and a man carrying a jug of water will meet you. Follow him. 14Wherever he enters, tell the master of the house, ‘The Teacher asks, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?” ’ 15He will then show you a large upper room, furnished and prepared; make preparations for us there.”
8Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go prepare the Passover for us, so that we may eat it.” 9They said to him, “Where do you want us to prepare it?” 10He said to them, “Behold, when you enter the city, a man carrying a jug of water will meet you. Follow him into the house he enters 11and say to the master of the house, ‘The Teacher asks you, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?” ’ 12He will then show you a large upper room that is furnished; prepare it there.”
19So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the Passover.
16So his disciples left, went into the city, and found it just as Jesus had told them, and they prepared the Passover.
13So they went and found it just as Jesus had told them, and they prepared the Passover.
Section 144
Beginning of the Passover meal and dissension among the disciples over greatness
Jerusalem, in the upper room
Matthew 26:20
Mark 14:17
Luke 22:14-16
20When evening came, Jesus was reclining at the table with the twelve.
17When it was evening, Jesus came with the twelve.
14When the hour came, Jesus reclined at the table, and the twelve apostles were with him. 15He said to them, “I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 16For I tell you that I will certainly not eat it again until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.”
Section 145
Washing the disciples' feet
Jerusalem, in the upper room
John 13:1-20
1Now before the feast of the Passover, Jesus knew that his hour had come to depart from this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end. 2By the time supper ended, the devil had put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to betray Jesus. 3Jesus knew that the Father had put all things into his hands, and that he had come from God and was going back to God, 4so he rose from supper, laid aside his outer garments, took a towel, and wrapped it around his waist. 5After that, he put water into the washbasin and began to wash his disciples' feet and to wipe them with the towel that was wrapped around his waist. 6When he came to Simon Peter, Peter said to him, “Lord, are you going to wash my feet?” 7Jesus answered him, “What I am doing you do not now understand, but afterward you will understand.” 8Peter said to him, “You shall never wash my feet.” Jesus answered him, “If I do not wash you, you have no part with me.” 9Simon Peter said to him, “Lord, then wash not only my feet, but also my hands and my head.” 10Jesus said to him, “He who has bathed has no need to wash, except for his feet, but is completely clean. And you are clean, but not all of you.” 11(For he knew who would betray him; that is why he said, “You are not all clean.”) 12When Jesus had washed their feet and collected his garments, he reclined again at the table and said to them, “Do you know what I have done for you? 13You call me Teacher and Lord, and rightly so, for that is what I am. 14So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet. 15For I have given you an example so that you should do as I have done for you. 16Truly, truly, I say to you, a servant is not greater than his master, nor is a messenger greater than the one who sent him. 17If you know these things, you are blessed if you do them. 18I am not speaking about all of you; I know those whom I have chosen for myself. But the Scripture must be fulfilled: ‘He who eats bread with me has lifted up his heel against me.’ 19I am telling you now before it happens, so that when it does happen, you will believe that I am he. 20Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever receives the one I send receives me, and whoever receives me receives him who sent me.”
Section 146
Identification of the betrayer
Jerusalem, in the upper room
Matthew 26:21-25
Mark 14:18-21
Luke 22:21-30
John 13:21-30
21As they were eating, he said, “Truly I say to you, one of you will betray me.”
18As they were reclining at the table and eating, Jesus said, “Truly I say to you, one of you who is eating with me will betray me.”
21But behold, the hand of the one who is going to betray me is with mine on the table. 22The Son of Man indeed goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed.”
21After saying these things, Jesus was troubled in his spirit and declared, “Truly, truly, I say to you, one of you will betray me.”
22Greatly distressed, they began to say to him one after another, “Surely not I, Lord?” 23Jesus answered, “The one who has dipped his hand with me in the dish will betray me. 24The Son of Man indeed goes just as it is written of him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been better for that man if he had not been born.”
19So they began to be sorrowful and to say one after another, “Surely not I?” and, “Surely not I?” 20Jesus answered them, “It is one of the twelve, one who is dipping bread with me into the dish. 21The Son of Man indeed goes just as it is written of him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed. It would have been better for that man if he had not been born.”
23Then they began to discuss with one another which one of them it could be who would do this.
22So the disciples began looking at one another, perplexed as to whom he was speaking about.
23One of his disciples, the one whom Jesus loved, was reclining on Jesus' chest. 24So Simon Peter motioned to him to ask Jesus whom he was talking about. 25Leaning back on Jesus' chest, he said to him, “Lord, who is it?” 26Jesus answered, “It is the one to whom I give this morsel after I have dipped it.” Then he dipped the morsel and gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon.
25Then Judas, who betrayed him, replied, “Surely not I, Rabbi?” Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself.”
27After Judas took the morsel, Satan entered into him. Then Jesus said to him, “What you are about to do, do quickly.” 28(Now none of those reclining at the table knew why he said this to him. 29Some were thinking, since Judas had the moneybag, that Jesus was saying to him, “Buy what we need for the feast,” or that he should give something to the poor.) 30As soon as Judas took the morsel, he went out. And it was night.
24A dispute also arose among them as to which of them was considered to be greater. 25So Jesus said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them, and those who have authority over them are called benefactors. 26But it must not be so with you; rather the greatest among you must become like the youngest, and the leader must become like one who serves. 27For who is greater? The one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines at the table? But I am among you as one who serves. 28“You have stayed with me in my trials. 29And I bestow on you a kingdom, just as my Father bestowed one on me, 30so that you may eat and drink at my table. And you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.”
Section 147
Prediction of Peter's denial
Jerusalem, in the upper room
Matthew 26:31-35
Mark 14:27-31
Luke 22:31-38
John 13:31-38
31When Judas had gone out, Jesus said, “Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in him. 32If God is glorified in him, God will also glorify the Son in himself, and will glorify him immediately. 33Little children, I am with you for a little while longer. You will seek me, and just as I said to the Jews, now I say to you also, ‘Where I am going, you cannot come.’ 34I give you a new commandment, that you love one another. Just as I have loved you, so you must love one another. 35By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.” 36Simon Peter said to him, “Lord, where are you going?” Jesus answered him, “You cannot follow me now to the place where I am going, but afterward you will follow me.”
31Then Jesus said to them, “All of you will fall away because of me this night. For it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.’ 32But after I have been raised up, I will go ahead of you to Galilee.”
27Then Jesus said to them, “All of you will fall away because of me this night. For it is written, ‘I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.’ 28However, after I have been raised up, I will go ahead of you to Galilee.”
31Then the Lord said, “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded to have you, so that he might sift you like wheat. 32But I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail. Once you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”
33Peter answered him, “Even if everyone else falls away because of you, I will never fall away.” 34Jesus said to him, “Truly I say to you that on this night, before a rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” 35But Peter said to him, “Even if I must die with you, I will certainly not deny you.” And all the disciples said the same thing.
29But Peter said to him, “Even if everyone else falls away, I will not.” 30Jesus said to him, “Truly I say to you that today, on this night, before a rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.” 31But Peter said all the more vehemently, “Even if I must die with you, I will certainly not deny you.” And they all said the same thing.
33Peter said to him, “Lord, I am ready to go with you both to prison and to death.” 34Jesus said, “I tell you, Peter, a rooster will certainly not crow today before you have denied three times that you know me.”
37Peter said to him, “Lord, why can I not follow you now? I will lay down my life for you.” 38Jesus answered him, “You will lay down your life for me? Truly, truly, I say to you, a rooster will certainly not crow until you have denied me three times.”
35Then Jesus said to them, “When I sent you without a moneybag, knapsack, or sandals, did you lack anything?” They said, “Nothing.” 36Then he said to them, “But now he who has a moneybag must take it, and likewise a knapsack. And he who does not have a sword must sell his garment and buy one. 37For I tell you that this Scripture must still be fulfilled in me: ‘He was numbered with the lawless.’ For what is written about me is reaching its fulfillment.” 38So they said, “Lord, behold, here are two swords.” He said to them, “That is enough!”
Section 148
Conclusion of the meal and the Lord's Supper instituted
Jerusalem, in the upper room
Matthew 26:26-29
Mark 14:22-25
Luke 22:17-20
1 Corinthians 11:23-26
17Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves. 18For I tell you, I will certainly not drink again from the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.”
26As they were eating, Jesus took the bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take and eat this bread; this is my body.” 27Then he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you, 28for this is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many for the remission of sins. 29But I tell you, from this point forward I will certainly not drink again from this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it with you anew in the kingdom of my Father.”
22As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and when he had blessed it, he broke it, gave it to them, and said, “Take and eat this bread; this is my body.” 23Then he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, and they all drank of it. 24He said to them, “This is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many. 25Truly I say to you, I will certainly not drink again from the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God.”
19Then he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 20In the same way, he also took the cup after they had eaten supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.
23For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread, 24and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, “Take and eat this bread; this is my body, which is broken for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” 25In the same way, he also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.” 26For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.
Section 149
Questions about his destination, the Father, and the Holy Spirit answered
Jerusalem, in the upper room
John 14:1-31
1“Let not your hearts be troubled. Believe in God; believe also in me. 2In my Father's house there are many rooms. If it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you. 3So when I go, it is to prepare a place for you. I will come again and receive you to myself, so that where I am you also may be. 4You know where I am going, and you know the way.” 5Thomas said to him, “Lord, we do not know where you are going, so how can we know the way?” 6Jesus said to him, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. 7If you had known me, you would have known my Father also. From now on you do know him and have seen him.” 8Philip said to him, “Lord, show us the Father, and that will be enough for us.” 9Jesus said to him, “Have I been with you for so long and still you do not know me, Philip? Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father, so how can you say, ‘Show us the Father’? 10Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me? The words that I speak to you I do not speak on my own authority, but the Father who abides in me does his works. 11Believe me that I am in the Father and the Father is in me; but if not, believe me because of the works themselves. 12Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever believes in me will also do the works that I do. He will even do greater works than these, because I am going to my Father. 13Whatever you ask in my name, I will do so that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it. 15“If you love me, keep my commandments. 16And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper to abide with you forever— 17the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it does not see him or know him. But you know him, because he abides with you and will be in you. 18“I will not leave you as orphans; I am coming back to you. 19Yet a little while and the world will see me no longer, but you will see me. Because I live, you also will live. 20On that day you will know that I am in my Father, and you are in me, and I am in you. 21Whoever has my commandments and keeps them is the one who loves me. He who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and manifest myself to him.” 22Judas (not Iscariot) said to him, “Lord, what has happened that you are about to manifest yourself to us and not to the world?” 23Jesus answered him, “If anyone loves me, he will keep my word. My Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him. 24Whoever does not love me does not keep my words. The word that you hear is not mine, but the Father's who sent me. 25“I have said these things to you while abiding with you. 26But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you everything and remind you of everything I have told you. 27Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. Not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your hearts be troubled, neither let them be afraid. 28You heard me say to you, ‘I am going away and coming back to you.’ If you loved me, you would have rejoiced that I said, ‘I am going to the Father,’ because my Father is greater than I am. 29I have told you now before it happens, so that when it does happen, you may believe. 30I will not talk with you much longer, for the ruler of the world is coming, but he has no power over me. 31Rather, I do just as the Father has commanded me, so that the world may know that I love the Father. Rise, let us go from here.
Section 150a
The vine and the branches
Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives
John 15:1-17
1“I am the true vine, and my Father is the vinedresser. 2Every branch in me that does not bear fruit he takes away, and every branch that does bear fruit he prunes so that it may bear more fruit. 3You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you. 4Abide in me, and I will abide in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit by itself unless it abides in the vine, neither can you bear fruit unless you abide in me. 5I am the vine; you are the branches. Whoever abides in me, and I in him, bears much fruit, because apart from me you can do nothing. 6If anyone does not abide in me, he is thrown out like a branch and withers. Such branches are gathered up, thrown into the fire, and burned. 7If you abide in me and my words abide in you, you will ask for whatever you wish, and it will be done for you. 8My Father is glorified by this, that you bear much fruit, and so you will be my disciples. 9Just as the Father has loved me, so have I loved you; abide in my love. 10If you keep my commandments, you will abide in my love, just as I have kept my Father's commandments and abide in his love. 11I have spoken these things to you so that my joy may abide in you, and so that your joy may be full. 12“This is my commandment, that you love one another, just as I have loved you. 13No one has greater love than this, that he lay down his life for his friends. 14You are my friends if you do whatever I command you. 15No longer do I call you servants, because a servant does not know what his master is doing; but I have called you friends, because I have made known to you everything I heard from my Father. 16You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit should abide, so that whatever you ask of the Father in my name he will give you. 17I am giving you these commands so that you may love one another.
Section 150b
Opposition from the world
Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives
John 15:18-16:4
18“If the world hates you, know that it hated me before it hated you. 19If you were of the world, the world would love you as its own. However, because you are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, the world hates you. 20Remember what I told you: ‘A servant is not greater than his master.’ If they persecuted me, they will persecute you also. If they kept my word, they will keep yours also. 21But they will do all these things to you on account of my name, because they do not know him who sent me. 22If I had not come and spoken to them, they would have no sin, but now they have no excuse for their sin. 23Whoever hates me hates my Father also. 24If I had not done among them the works that no one else had done, they would have no sin, but now they have seen and hated both me and my Father. 25But this has happened to fulfill what is written in their law: ‘They hated me for no reason.’ 26“When the Helper comes, whom I will send you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, he will testify about me. 27You must also testify, because you have been with me from the beginning. 1“I have said these things to you so that you will not fall away. 2They will put you out of the synagogues; indeed, an hour is coming when anyone who kills you will think that he is offering service to God. 3They will do these things because they have not known the Father or me. 4But I have said these things to you so that when the hour comes you will remember that I said them to you. I did not say these things to you from the beginning, because I was with you.
Section 150c
Coming and ministry of the Spirit
Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives
John 16:5-15
5“But now I am going to him who sent me, yet none of you asks me, ‘Where are you going?’ 6Rather, sorrow has filled your hearts because I have said these things to you. 7But I tell you the truth, it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you. But if I do go, I will send him to you. 8And when he comes, he will convict the world concerning sin, righteousness, and judgment: 9concerning sin, because they do not believe in me; 10concerning righteousness, because I am going to my Father, and you will no longer see me; 11and concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been condemned. 12“I still have many things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. 13When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you what is to come. 14He will glorify me, for he will receive from me what is mine and declare it to you. 15All that the Father has is mine. That is why I said that he will receive from me what is mine and declare it to you.
Section 150d
Predictmn of joy over his resurrection
Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives
John 16:16-22
16“In a little while you will not see me; and again after a little while, you will see me, for I am going to the Father.” 17Then some of his disciples said to one another, “What does he mean by saying to us, ‘In a little while you are not going to see me; and again after a little while, you will see me,’ and, ‘For I am going to the Father’?” 18So they kept saying, “What does he mean by saying, ‘A little while’? We do not know what he is talking about.” 19Jesus knew that they wanted to ask him about this, so he said to them, “Are you asking one another what I meant when I said, ‘In a little while, you will not see me; and again after a little while, you will see me’? 20Truly, truly, I say to you, you will weep and lament, but the world will rejoice. You will be sorrowful, but your sorrow will turn to joy. 21When a woman is giving birth, she has pain because her hour has come, but when her baby is born, she no longer remembers the anguish because of her joy that a child has been born into the world. 22So you also have sorrow now, but I will see you again, and your hearts will rejoice, and no one will take your joy away from you.
Section 150e
Promise of answered prayer and peace
Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives
John 16:23-33
23In that day you will ask nothing of me. Truly, truly, I say to you, whatever you ask of the Father in my name he will give you. 24Until now you have not asked for anything in my name. Ask, and you will receive, so that your joy may be full. 25“I have told you these things in figures of speech, but an hour is coming when I will no longer use figures of speech but will tell you plainly about the Father. 26In that day you will ask in my name, and I do not say to you that I will ask the Father on your behalf, 27for the Father himself loves you, because you have loved me and have come to believe that I came from God. 28I came from the Father and have come into the world, and now I am leaving the world and going to the Father.” 29His disciples said to him, “Behold, now you are speaking plainly and not using any figure of speech. 30Now we know that you know all things and have no need for anyone to question you; because of this we believe that you came from God.” 31Jesus answered them, “Now do you believe? 32Behold, an hour is coming, and has now come, when you will be scattered, each to your own home, and will leave me all alone. Yet I am not alone, for the Father is with me. 33I have said these things to you so that in me you may have peace. In the world you will have tribulation, but take heart; I have overcome the world.”
Section 151
Jesus' prayer for his disciples and all who believe
Jerusalem, in the upper room → The Mount of Olives
John 17:1-26
1After saying these things, Jesus lifted up his eyes to heaven and said, “Father, the hour has come; glorify your Son so that your Son may also glorify you, 2just as you have given him authority over all flesh, to give eternal life to all whom you have given him. 3This is eternal life, that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent. 4I have glorified you on earth. I have completed the work you have given me to do. 5And now, Father, glorify me in your presence with the glory that I had with you before the world existed. 6“I have revealed your name to the people you have given me out of the world. They were yours; you gave them to me, and they have kept your word. 7They now know that everything you have given me is from you. 8For I have given them the words that you gave me, and they have received them and truly know that I came from you. They have also come to believe that you sent me. 9I ask on their behalf; I do not ask on behalf of the world, but on behalf of those you have given me, for they are yours. 10All I have is yours, and all you have is mine, and I have been glorified in them. 11I will no longer remain in the world, but they are in the world, and I am coming to you. Holy Father, keep them in your name, which you have given me, so that they may be one, just as we are one. 12While I was with them in the world, I kept them in your name. I have guarded those you have given me, and not one of them has perished except the son of destruction, so that the Scripture might be fulfilled. 13But now I am coming to you, and I speak these things in the world so that they may have my joy made full within them. 14I have given them your word, and the world has hated them because they are not of the world, just as I am not of the world. 15I do not ask you to take them out of the world, but to keep them from the evil one. 16They are not of the world, just as I am not of the world. 17Sanctify them by your truth; your word is truth. 18Just as you have sent me into the world, so I have sent them into the world. 19For their sakes I sanctify myself, so that they too may be sanctified by the truth. 20“I do not ask on behalf of them alone, but also on behalf of those who will believe in me through their word, 21that they may all be one, just as you, Father, are in me, and I am in you, that they also may be one in us, so that the world may believe that you sent me. 22I have given them the glory that you gave me, so that they may be one, just as we are one, 23I in them and you in me, so that they may be perfected into one, and so that the world may know that you have sent me and have loved them just as you have loved me. 24Father, I want those you have given me to be with me where I am, so that they may see my glory, which you gave me because you loved me before the foundation of the world. 25Righteous Father, though the world does not know you, I know you, and these men know that you have sent me. 26I have made your name known to them, and will continue to make it known, so that the love with which you have loved me may be in them, and so that I may be in them.”
Section 152
Jesus' three agonizing prayers in Gethsemane
Garden of Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives
Matthew 26:30, 36-46
Mark 14:26, 32-42
Luke 22:39-46
John 18:1
30And after singing a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.
26And after singing a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.
39Then Jesus went out and made his way to the Mount of Olives, as was his custom, and his disciples followed him. 40When he came to the place, he said to them, “Pray that you may not enter into temptation.”
1After saying these things, Jesus went out with his disciples across the Kidron Valley, where there was a garden, which he entered along with his disciples.
36Then Jesus went with them to a place called Gethsemane, and he said to the disciples, “Sit here while I go over there and pray.” 37And taking with him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, he began to be sorrowful and distressed. 38Then Jesus said to them, “My soul is very sorrowful, even to the point of death; stay here and keep watch with me.”
32Then they went to a place called Gethsemane, and Jesus said to his disciples, “Sit here while I go and pray.” 33He took with him Peter, James, and John, and began to be greatly disturbed and distressed. 34He said to them, “My soul is very sorrowful, even to the point of death; stay here and keep watch.”
39And going a little farther, he fell on his face and prayed, “My Father, if possible, let this cup pass from me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as you will.”
35Going a little farther, he fell on the ground and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from him. 36He said, “Abba, Father, all things are possible for you. Take this cup away from me; nevertheless, not what I will, but what you will.”
41Then he withdrew from them about a stone's throw away and knelt down and prayed, 42“Father, if you are willing to take this cup away from me, do so; nevertheless, not my will, but yours be done.” 43Then an angel from heaven appeared to him and strengthened him. 44Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground.
40Then he came to the disciples and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “So you could not keep watch with me for one hour? 41Keep watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.”
37Then he came and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “Simon, are you sleeping? Could you not keep watch for one hour? 38Keep watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.”
45When he rose from prayer and came to the disciples, he found them sleeping because of their sorrow. 46So he said to them, “Why are you sleeping? Rise and pray, lest you enter into temptation.”
42Again, he went away for a second time and prayed, “My Father, if this cup cannot pass from me unless I drink it, may your will be done.”
39Once again he went away and prayed the same prayer.
43Then he came and found them sleeping again, for their eyes were heavy. 44So he left them and went away again and prayed for a third time, saying the same thing.
40When he returned, he found them sleeping again, for their eyes were heavy, and they did not know what to say in response.
45Then he came to his disciples and said to them, “Sleep on now and take your rest! Behold, the hour has drawn near, and the Son of Man is delivered up into the hands of sinners. 46Rise, let us go. Behold, my betrayer has drawn near.”
41Then he came a third time and said to them, “Sleep on now and take your rest! It is enough; the hour has come. Behold, the Son of Man is delivered up into the hands of sinners. 42Rise, let us go! Behold, my betrayer has drawn near.”
Section 153
Jesus betrayed, arrested, and forsaken
Garden of Gethsemane on the Mount of Olives
Matthew 26:47-56
Mark 14:43-52
Luke 22:47-53
John 18:2-12
2Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, because Jesus had often met there with his disciples.
47While he was still speaking, behold, Judas, one of the twelve, came. With him was a large crowd with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests and elders of the people.
43Immediately, as he was still speaking, Judas arrived, who was one of the twelve. With him was a large crowd with swords and clubs, sent by the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders.
47aWhile he was still speaking, behold, a crowd approached, and the man called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them.
3So Judas took a cohort of soldiers and officers from the chief priests and Pharisees, and they went there with lanterns, torches, and weapons. 4Then Jesus, knowing everything that would happen to him, went out and said to them, “Whom do you seek?” 5They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus said to them, “I am he.” (Judas, who betrayed him, was also standing with them.) 6When Jesus said to them, “I am he,” they drew back and fell to the ground. 7So again he asked them, “Whom do you seek?” They said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” 8Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. So if you are seeking me, let these men go.” 9He said this to fulfill the word he had spoken: “I have not lost a single one of those you have given me.”
48Now his betrayer had given them a sign, saying, “Whomever I kiss, he is the one; arrest him.” 49Immediately he went up to Jesus and said, “Greetings, Rabbi!” And he kissed him.
44Now his betrayer had given them a signal, saying, “Whomever I kiss, he is the one; arrest him and lead him away under guard.” 45When Judas came, he immediately went up to Jesus and said to him, “Rabbi! Rabbi!” And he kissed him.
47bHe drew near to Jesus to kiss him, 48and Jesus said to him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?” 49When those who were around him saw what was about to happen, they said to him, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?”
50Jesus said to him, “Friend, for what purpose have you come?” Then they came forward, took hold of Jesus, and arrested him.
46Then they took hold of Jesus and arrested him.
51And behold, one of the men with Jesus stretched out his hand and drew his sword. He struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his ear.
47But one of the bystanders drew his sword, struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear.
50Then one of them struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his right ear.
10Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it, struck the high priest's servant, and cut off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.)
52Then Jesus said to him, “Put your sword back into its place, for all who take the sword will die by the sword. 53Or do you think that I cannot call on my Father right now, and he will provide me with more than twelve legions of angels? 54How then would the Scriptures be fulfilled that say it must happen this way?”
51But Jesus responded, “No more of this!” And he touched the man's ear and healed him.
11But Jesus said to Peter, “Put your sword into its sheath; shall I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?” 12Then the cohort of soldiers, along with its commander and the Jewish officers, arrested Jesus, bound him,
55In that hour Jesus said to the crowds, “Have you come out to arrest me with swords and clubs as you would against a robber? I sat daily with you, teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest me. 56But all this has taken place so that the Scriptures of the prophets would be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left him and fled.
48Then Jesus said to them, “Have you come out to arrest me with swords and clubs as you would against a robber? 49I was with you daily, teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest me. But these things are happening so that the Scriptures may be fulfilled.” 50Then they all left him and fled. 51Now a certain young man was following Jesus, wearing nothing but a linen cloth. The young men tried to seize him, 52but he left the linen cloth behind and ran away from them naked.
52Then Jesus said to the chief priests, the officers of the temple, and the elders who had come out against him, “Have you come out with swords and clubs as you would against a robber? 53I was with you daily in the temple courts, and you did not lay a hand on me. But this is your hour, when the power of darkness reigns.”
Section 154
First Jewish phase, before Annas
Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas
John 18:13-14, 19-23
13and led him away first to Annas, for he was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. 14(It was Caiaphas who had advised the Jews that it was better for one man to perish for the people.)
19Meanwhile, the high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and his teaching. 20Jesus answered him, “I have spoken openly to the world. I have always taught in the synagogues and in the temple courts, where the Jews always assemble together. I have said nothing in secret. 21Why do you question me? Question those who heard what I said to them. Behold, they know what I said.” 22When Jesus said this, one of the officers standing nearby slapped him and said, “Is that how you answer the high priest?” 23Jesus answered him, “If I have spoken wrongly, testify as to what was wrong; but if I have spoken well, why are you hitting me?”
Section 155
Second Jewish phase, before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin
Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas
Matthew 26:57, 59-68
Mark 14:53, 55-65
Luke 22:54a, 63-65
John 18:24
57Now those who had arrested Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled.
53Then they led Jesus away to the high priest, and all the chief priests, the elders, and the scribes were assembled together with him.
54aThen they arrested him, led him away, and brought him to the house of the high priest,
24Then Annas sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.
59Now the chief priests, the elders, and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against Jesus, so that they could put him to death, 60but they did not find any. Even though many false witnesses came forward, they did not find any. 61But at last two false witnesses came forward and declared, “This man said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’ ”
55Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking testimony against Jesus so that they could put him to death, but they did not find any. 56For many were giving false testimony against him, but their testimonies did not agree. 57Then some stood up and gave false testimony against him, declaring, 58“We heard him say, ‘I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and in three days I will build another that is not made with hands.’ ” 59Yet even then their testimony did not agree.
62So the high priest stood up and said to him, “Do you make no answer? What are these men testifying against you?” 63But Jesus was silent. Then the high priest said to him, “I adjure you by the living God to tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God.” 64Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself. Nevertheless I say to you, from now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power and coming on the clouds of heaven.”
60Then the high priest stood up before them and asked Jesus, “Do you make no answer? What are these men testifying against you?” 61But he was silent and made no answer. Again the high priest asked him, “Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?” 62Jesus said, “I am. And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power and coming with the clouds of heaven.”
65Then the high priest tore his garments and said, “He has blasphemed! What further need do we have of witnesses? Behold, you have now heard his blasphemy. 66What do you think?” They answered, “He deserves death.”
63Then the high priest tore his garments and said, “What further need do we have of witnesses? 64You have heard his blasphemy. What seems right to you?” And they all condemned him as deserving death.
67Then they spit in his face and struck him. Others slapped him, 68saying, “Prophesy to us, you Christ! Who is it that struck you?”
65Then some began to spit on him, to blindfold him, and to beat him, saying to him, “Prophesy!” And the officers kept striking him with the palms of their hands.
63Now the men who were holding Jesus in custody began mocking him and beating him. 64They also blindfolded him and kept striking his face, saying to him, “Prophesy! Who is it that struck you?” 65And they said many other things against him, reviling him.
Section 156
Peter's denials
Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas
Matthew 26:58, 69-75
Mark 14:54, 66-72
Luke 22:54b-62
John 18:15-18, 25-27
58aBut Peter was following him at a distance, coming as far as the courtyard of the high priest. After going inside,
54aPeter had followed Jesus at a distance, right into the courtyard of the high priest.
54band Peter was following at a distance.
15Now Simon Peter was following Jesus, as was the other disciple. That disciple was known to the high priest, so he went with Jesus into the high priest's courtyard, 16but Peter stood outside at the gate. So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out, spoke to the gatekeeper, and brought Peter in. 17Then the servant girl who was the gatekeeper said to Peter, “You are not also one of this man's disciples, are you?” He said, “I am not.”
58bhe sat with the officers to see the outcome.
54bThere he sat with the officers, warming himself in the light of the fire.
55Some there had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat down together, and Peter sat down among them.
18(Now the servants and the officers had made a charcoal fire, because it was cold, and they were standing there warming themselves. Peter was also standing with them, warming himself.)
69Now Peter was sitting outside in the courtyard, and a servant girl came to him and said, “You also were with Jesus the Galilean.”
66Now as Peter was in the courtyard below, one of the servant girls of the high priest came. 67When she saw Peter warming himself, she looked at him and said, “You also were with Jesus of Nazareth.”
56When a servant girl saw him sitting in the light of the fire, she looked at him intently and said, “This man also was with him.”
25aMeanwhile, Simon Peter was standing and warming himself. So they said to him, “You are not also one of his disciples, are you?”
70But he denied it before them all, saying, “I do not know what you are talking about!”
68But he denied it, saying, “I neither know nor understand what you are talking about!” Then he went outside to the gateway, and a rooster crowed.
57But Peter denied him, saying, “Woman, I do not know him.”
25bHe denied it and said, “I am not.”
71Then he went out to the gateway, and another servant girl saw him and said to those who were there, “This man also was with Jesus of Nazareth.” 72But again he denied it with an oath: “I do not know the man.”
69When the servant girl saw him again, she began saying to those who were standing nearby, “This man is one of them.” 70aBut again he denied it.
58After a little while, someone else saw him and said, “You also are one of them.” But Peter said, “Man, I am not.”
73After a little while, those who were standing there came up and said to Peter, “Truly you also are one of them, for even your accent gives you away.” 74Then he began to invoke curses and to swear: “I do not know the man.” And immediately a rooster crowed. 75Then Peter remembered what Jesus had said to him: “Before a rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” And he went out and wept bitterly.
70bAfter a little while, those who were standing nearby said to Peter once again, “Truly you are one of them, for you also are a Galilean, and your accent is like theirs.” 71But he began to invoke curses and to swear: “I do not know this man of whom you speak.” 72Then a rooster crowed a second time, and Peter remembered what Jesus had said to him: “Before a rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.” And he broke down and wept.
59After about an hour had gone by, another man kept insisting, “Truly this man also was with him, for he too is a Galilean.” 60But Peter said, “Man, I do not know what you are talking about!” And immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. 61Then the Lord turned and looked at Peter, and Peter remembered what the Lord had said to him, “Before a rooster crows, you will deny me three times.” 62And Peter went out and wept bitterly.
26But one of the servants of the high priest, who was a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off, said, “Did I not see you with him in the garden?” 27Peter denied it again, and immediately a rooster crowed.
Section 157
Third Jewish phase, before the Sanhedrin
Jerusalem, house of Caiaphas
Matthew 27:1
Mark 15:1a
Luke 22:66-71
1Now when morning came, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death.
1aAs soon as it was morning, the chief priests took counsel with the elders, scribes, and the whole Sanhedrin.
66When daybreak came, the elders of the people gathered together, both chief priests and scribes, and they led Jesus up to their Sanhedrin and said, 67“If you are the Christ, tell us.” But he said to them, “If I tell you, you will surely not believe. 68And if I ask you a question, you will surely not answer me or release me. 69But from now on the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.” 70So they all said, “Are you then the Son of God?” He said to them, “You yourselves say that I am.” 71Then they said, “What further need do we have of testimony? For we ourselves have heard it from his own mouth.”
Section 158
Remorse and suicide of Judas Iscariot
Jerusalem, in the temple & The potter's field
Matthew 27:3-10
Acts 1:18-19
3When Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus had been condemned, he regretted what he had done and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders, 4saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood.” But they said, “What is that to us? See to it yourself.” 5So he threw the pieces of silver into the temple and departed. Then he went away and hanged himself. 6The chief priests took the pieces of silver and said, “It is not lawful to put them into the temple treasury, since they are a price paid for blood.”
7So they took counsel and used the money to buy the potter's field as a burial place for foreigners. 8Therefore that field has been called the Field of Blood to this day. 9Then what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled: “They took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him on whom a price had been set, on whom some of the sons of Israel had set a price, 10and they gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord directed me.”
18(Now this man Judas had acquired a field with the wages of unrighteousness, and falling headfirst, his body burst open, and all his intestines gushed out. 19This became known to all who were dwelling in Jerusalem, so that in their language the field was called Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood.)
Section 159
First Roman phase, before Pilate
Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)
Matthew 27:2, 11-14
Mark 15:1b-5
Luke 23:1-5
John 18:28-38
2They bound him, led him away, and handed him over to Pontius Pilate, the governor.
1bThey bound Jesus, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate.
1Then the whole assembly arose and led Jesus to Pilate.
28Then the Jews led Jesus away from Caiaphas to the governor's headquarters. It was now early in the morning. They themselves did not go into the governor's headquarters so that they would not be defiled, but could eat the Passover.
2They began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man perverting the nation and forbidding us to pay taxes to Caesar, declaring himself to be Christ, a king.”
29So Pilate went out to them and said, “What accusation do you bring against this man?” 30They answered him, “If he were not an evildoer, we would not have handed him over to you.” 31Pilate said to them, “You take him and judge him according to your own law.” The Jews said to him, “It is not lawful for us to put anyone to death.” 32(This happened to fulfill what Jesus had said when he indicated the kind of death he was going to die.)
11Meanwhile, Jesus stood before the governor, and the governor asked him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” Jesus said to him, “You have said it yourself.”
2So Pilate asked him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” Jesus answered him, “You have said it yourself.”
3So Pilate asked Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?” Jesus answered him, “You have said it yourself.”
33Then Pilate went into his headquarters again, called Jesus over, and said to him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” 34Jesus answered him, “Do you say this of your own accord, or have others spoken to you about me?” 35Pilate answered, “Am I a Jew? Your own nation and the chief priests have handed you over to me. What have you done?” 36Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world. If my kingdom were of this world, my servants would be fighting to keep me from being delivered up to the Jews. But as it is, my kingdom is not from here.” 37Pilate said to him, “So you are a king?” Jesus answered, “You have said yourself that I am a king. The reason I was born and the reason I came into the world is to testify to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth listens to my voice.”
4Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowd, “I find no fault in this man.”
38Pilate said to him, “What is truth?”After he said this, he again went out to the Jews and said to them, “I find no fault in him.
12But when he was accused by the chief priests and the elders, he made no answer. 13Then Pilate said to him, “Do you not hear all the things they are testifying against you?” 14But he gave him no answer, not even to a single charge, so the governor was greatly amazed.
3Then the chief priests accused him of many things. 4So Pilate asked him again, “Do you make no answer? See how many things they are testifying against you!” 5But Jesus made no further answer, so Pilate was amazed.
5But they kept insisting, “He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea. He started from Galilee and has come even to this place.”
Section 160
Second Roman phase, before Herod Antipas
Jerusalem, before Herod Antipas
Luke 23:6-12
6When Pilate heard mention of Galilee, he asked whether the man was a Galilean. 7And when he found out that Jesus was under Herod's jurisdiction, he sent him over to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem in those days. 8When Herod saw Jesus he was very glad, for he had long desired to see him, because he had heard many things about him and was hoping to see him perform some sign. 9So he questioned him at great length, but Jesus gave him no answer. 10Meanwhile, the chief priests and the scribes stood there, vehemently accusing him. 11Herod also treated him with contempt and mocked him, as did his soldiers. Then, after dressing Jesus in fine clothing, Herod sent him back to Pilate. 12That very day Pilate and Herod became friends with one another; before this they had been enemies.
Section 161
Third Roman phase, before Pilate
Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)
Matthew 27:15-26
Mark 15:6-15
Luke 23:13-16, 18-25
John 18:39-19:16a
15Now at the feast the governor was accustomed to release one prisoner for the crowd, whomever they wanted. 16At that time they had a notorious prisoner named Barabbas.
6Now at the feast Pilate would release one prisoner for the people, whomever they requested. 7And there was a man named Barabbas who was in prison with his fellow insurrectionists who had committed murder in the insurrection. 8So the crowd cried out and began to ask Pilate to do what he had always done for them.
13Then Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers, and the people, 14and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was misleading the people. And behold, after examining him before you, I have found no fault in this man with respect to the accusations you are making against him, 15and neither has Herod, for I sent you to him. Clearly he has done nothing that deserves death. 16Therefore I will have him flogged and then release him.”
17So when the crowds were gathered together, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to release for you? Barabbas, or Jesus, who is called Christ?” 18(For he knew they had handed Jesus over out of envy.) 19While Pilate was sitting on the judgment seat, his wife sent him this message: “Have nothing to do with that righteous man, for I have suffered a great deal today in a dream because of him.”
9Pilate answered them, “Do you want me to release for you the king of the Jews?” 10(For he knew that the chief priests had handed Jesus over out of envy.)
39But you have a custom that I release for you one man at the Passover. So do you want me to release for you the king of the Jews?”
20But the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowds to ask for Barabbas to be released and for Jesus to be executed.
11But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to have Pilate release for them Barabbas instead.
21In response the governor said to them, “Which of the two do you want me to release for you?” They said, “Barabbas.”
18So they all cried out together, “Away with this man, and release for us Barabbas!” 19(This was a man who had been thrown into prison for an insurrection that had taken place in the city, and for murder.)
40They all cried out again, “Not this man, but Barabbas!” (Now Barabbas was an insurrectionist.) 1Then Pilate took Jesus and flogged him. 2The soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns, put it on his head, and then clothed him with a purple garment. 3They kept saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and striking him on the face. 4Once again Pilate came out and said to the Jews, “Behold, I am bringing him out to you so that you may know that I find no fault in him.” 5Jesus then came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment, and Pilate said to them, “Behold, the man!”
22So Pilate said to them, “What then shall I do with Jesus, who is called Christ?” They all said to him, “Let him be crucified!”
12In response Pilate said to them again, “What then do you want me to do with the man you call King of the Jews?” 13They cried out again, “Crucify him!”
20Wishing to release Jesus, Pilate addressed them again, 21but they kept on shouting, “Crucify, crucify him!” 22A third time he said to them, “Why? What evil has he done? I have found in him no grounds for death. So I will have him flogged and then release him.”
23Then the governor said, “Why? What evil has he done?” But they cried out all the more, “Let him be crucified!”
14Pilate said to them, “Why? What evil has he done?” But they cried out all the more, “Crucify him!”
6When the chief priests and the officers saw him, they cried out, “Crucify, crucify him!” But Pilate said to them, “You take him and crucify him, for I find no fault in him.” 7The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and according to our law he must die, for he made himself out to be the Son of God.” 8When Pilate heard this, he was even more afraid. 9He went back into his headquarters and said to Jesus, “Where are you from?” But Jesus gave him no answer. 10So Pilate said to him, “You do not speak to me? Do you not know that I have authority to crucify you, and authority to release you?” 11Jesus answered, “You would have no authority over me if it had not been given to you from above. Therefore he who handed me over to you has greater sin.” 12From that point forward Pilate was seeking to release him, but the Jews cried out, “If you release this man, you are not a friend of Caesar; everyone who makes himself out to be a king opposes Caesar.” 13When Pilate heard this, he brought Jesus out and sat down on the judgment seat at a place called the Stone Pavement (or in Hebrew, Gabbatha). 14It was about the sixth hour on the day of Preparation for the Passover, and he said to the Jews, “Behold, your king!”
24When Pilate saw that he was achieving nothing and that a riot was breaking out, he took water and washed his hands before the crowd, saying, “I am innocent of the blood of this righteous man. See to it yourselves.” 25All the people answered, “His blood be on us and on our children!”
23But they continued insistently with loud voices, demanding that he be crucified, and their voices prevailed, along with those of the chief priests.
15But they cried out, “Away with him, away with him, crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your king?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar.”
26Then he released for them Barabbas, but he scourged Jesus and handed him over to be crucified.
15Then Pilate, wishing to satisfy the crowd, released for them Barabbas. But he scourged Jesus and handed him over to be crucified.
24So Pilate rendered his decision that their demand be granted. 25He released the man they had been asking for, who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, but he handed Jesus over to their will.
Section 162
Mockery by the Roman soldiers
Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)
Matthew 27:27-30
Mark 15:16-19
27Then the governor's soldiers took Jesus with them into the governor's headquarters and gathered against him the entire cohort of soldiers. 28They stripped him, put a scarlet robe on him, 29twisted together a crown of thorns, and put it on his head. They put a reed in his right hand, and kneeling before him, they mocked him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” 30Then they spit on him, took the reed, and beat him repeatedly on his head.
16So the soldiers led him away into the palace (that is, the governor's headquarters) and called together the entire cohort of soldiers. 17They clothed him with a purple robe, twisted together a crown of thorns, and put it on him. 18Then they began to salute him: “Hail, King of the Jews!” 19They kept beating him on the head with a reed, spitting on him, and bending down on their knees to pay homage to him.
Section 163
Journey to Golgatha
Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor) → Golgotha
Matthew 27:31-34
Mark 15:20-23
Luke 23:26-33a
John 19:16b-17
31When they had finished mocking him, they stripped him of the robe and put his own garments back on him. Then they led him away to crucify him.
20When they had finished mocking him, they stripped him of the purple robe and put his own garments back on him. Then they led him out to crucify him.
16bSo they took Jesus and led him away. 17aCarrying his own cross,
32As they went out, they found a Cyrenian man named Simon. They pressed him into service, forcing him to carry Jesus' cross.
21Now a certain man from Cyrene, Simon, the father of Alexander and Rufus, was passing by on his way in from the countryside. The soldiers pressed him into service, forcing him to carry Jesus' cross,
26As the soldiers led him away, they took hold of Simon, a Cyrenian man who was coming in from the countryside, and they laid on him the cross, forcing him to carry it behind Jesus. 27A great multitude of people followed along behind, including women who were mourning and lamenting for Jesus. 28But Jesus turned to them and said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. 29For behold, the days are coming when people will say, ‘Blessed are the barren, the wombs that have not given birth, and the breasts that have not nursed!’ 30Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us!’ 31For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?” 32Now two others, who were criminals, were also being led away to be put to death with Jesus.
33When they came to a place called Golgotha (which means, “Place of the Skull”), 34they gave Jesus sour wine to drink mixed with gall. But when he tasted it, he refused to drink it.
22and they brought Jesus to the place called Golgotha (which means, “Place of the Skull”). 23Then they gave him wine to drink, mixed with myrrh, but he did not take it.
33aWhen they came to the place called the Skull,
17bhe went out to a location called the Place of the Skull (which in Hebrew is called Golgotha).
Section 164
First three hours of crucifixion
Golgotha
Matthew 27:35-44
Mark 15:24-27, 29-32
Luke 23:33b-34, 38, 35-37, 39-43
John 19:18, 23-24, 19-22, 25-27
33bthe soldiers crucified him there along with the criminals, one on his right and one on his left.
18There they crucified him, and with him two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle.
35After crucifying him, they divided his garments among themselves by casting lots. 36Then they sat down and kept watch over him there.
24And they crucified him. Then they divided his garments, casting lots for them to see who would take what.
34But Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” Then they cast lots to divide his garments.
23When the soldiers crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, a part for each soldier. They also took his tunic, which was seamless. It was woven in one piece from top to bottom, 24so they said to one another, “Let us not tear it apart, but cast lots for it to decide whose it will be.” This happened to fulfill the Scripture that says,“They divided my garments among themselves,and for my clothing they cast lots.”This is what the soldiers did.
37Over his head they placed the written charge against him, which read, “This is Jesus, the King of the Jews.” 38Then two robbers were crucified with him, one on his right and one on his left.
25It was the third hour when they crucified him. 26The inscription of the charge against him was written as follows: “The King of the Jews.” 27With him they crucified two robbers, one on his right and one on his left.
38There was also an inscription over him written in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew letters, which read: “This is the King of the Jews.”
19Pilate also wrote a notice and put it on the cross. It read, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” 20Many of the Jews read this notice, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. 21Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, “I am the king of the Jews.” ’ ” 22Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”
39Those who passed by reviled him, shaking their heads 40and saying, “You who would destroy the temple and build it in three days, save yourself. If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross!”
29Those who passed by reviled him, shaking their heads and saying, “Ha! You who would destroy the temple and build it in three days, 30save yourself and come down from the cross!”
35aThe people stood there looking on,
41In the same way the chief priests also, along with the scribes, elders, and Pharisees, were mocking him, saying, 42“He saved others, but he cannot save himself. If he is the king of Israel, let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him. 43He has put his trust in God; let God deliver him now if he wants him, for he said, ‘I am the Son of God.’ ”
31In the same way the chief priests also, along with the scribes, were mocking him among themselves, saying, “He saved others, but he cannot save himself. 32aLet the Christ, the king of Israel, come down now from the cross, so that we may see it and believe him.”
35band the rulers who were with them ridiculed him, saying, “He saved others; let him save himself if he is the Christ, the Chosen One of God.” 36The soldiers also mocked him, coming up to him and offering him sour wine, 37saying, “If you are the king of the Jews, save yourself!”
44The robbers who were crucified with him were also reviling him in the same way.
32bThe men who were crucified with him were also insulting him.
39One of the criminals who was hanging there reviled him, saying, “If you are the Christ, save yourself and us!” 40But the other rebuked him, saying, “Do you not even fear God, seeing that you are under the same condemnation? 41The two of us are justly condemned, for we are receiving the appropriate punishment for the things we have done, but this man has done nothing wrong.” 42Then he said to Jesus, “Remember me, Lord, when you come in your kingdom.” 43Jesus said to him, “Truly I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.”
25Standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother, his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. 26When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son.” 27Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother.” And from that hour the disciple took her into his own home.
Section 165
Last three hours of crucifixion
Golgotha
Matthew 27:45-50
Mark 15:33-37
Luke 23:44-45a, 46
John 19:28-30
45From the sixth hour until the ninth hour, there was darkness over the whole land. 46And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eli, Eli, lima sabachthani?” that is, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” 47When some of those standing there heard this, they said, “This man is calling for Elijah.”
33From the sixth hour until the ninth hour, there was darkness over the whole land. 34And at the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lima sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” 35When some of those standing nearby heard this, they said, “Behold, he is calling for Elijah.”
44Now it was about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. 45aThe sun was darkened,
48Immediately one of them ran, got a sponge, filled it with sour wine, put it on a reed, and gave it to him to drink. 49But the rest said, “Leave him alone. Let us see if Elijah comes to save him.”
36Then a man ran and filled a sponge with sour wine, put it on a reed, and gave it to him to drink, saying, “Leave him alone. Let us see if Elijah comes to take him down.”
28After this, when Jesus saw that everything was now finished, in order to fulfill the Scripture he said, “I am thirsty.” 29A jar full of sour wine was there, so they filled a sponge with sour wine, put it around a hyssop branch, and brought it up to his mouth.
50Then Jesus cried out again with a loud voice and gave up his spirit.
37But Jesus let out a loud cry and breathed his last breath.
46Then Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.” After saying this, he breathed his last breath.
30When Jesus had received the sour wine, he said, “It is finished.” Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
Section 166
Witnesses of Jesus' death
Jerusalem, in the temple & Golgotha
Matthew 27:51-56
Mark 15:38-41
Luke 23:45b, 47-49
51And behold, the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth was shaken, and the rocks were split. 52The tombs were opened, and the bodies of many saints who had fallen asleep were raised. 53(They came out of the tombs, and after his resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many.)
38Then the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom.
45band the veil of the temple was torn down the middle.
54Now when the centurion and those who were keeping watch with him over Jesus saw the earthquake and the things that had happened, they became very frightened and said, “Truly this man was the Son of God.”
39Now when the centurion who was standing in front of Jesus saw how he cried out and breathed his last breath, he said, “Truly this man was the Son of God.”
47Now when the centurion saw what had happened, he glorified God and said, “Surely this man was righteous.” 48And when all the crowds who had gathered together for this spectacle saw what had happened, they returned home beating their breasts.
55Many women who had followed Jesus from Galilee and provided for him were there looking on from a distance,
40There were also some women looking on from a distance, among whom were Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salome.
49But all those who knew Jesus stood at a distance watching these things, including the women who had followed him from Galilee.
Section 167a
Certification of Jesus' death and procurement of his body
Golgotha & Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)
Matthew 27:57-58
Mark 15:42-45
Luke 23:50-52
John 19:31-38
31Since it was the day of Preparation (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews asked Pilate to have the men's legs broken and their bodies taken away, so that the bodies would not remain on the cross on the Sabbath. 32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man and of the other who had been crucified with him. 33But when they came to Jesus, they did not break his legs since they saw that he was already dead. 34Instead, one of the soldiers pierced Jesus' side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. 35He who saw this has testified, and his testimony is true, and he knows that he speaks what is true, so that you may believe. 36For these things happened so that the Scripture would be fulfilled: “No bone of his will be broken.” 37And, as another Scripture says, “They will look on him whom they have pierced.”
57aWhen it was evening,
42When evening had come, since it was the day of Preparation (that is, the day before the Sabbath),
57bthere came a rich man from Arimathea named Joseph, who was himself also a disciple of Jesus. 58aHe went to Pilate and asked for Jesus' body.
43Joseph of Arimathea, a respected council member, who was himself also waiting for the kingdom of God, came and boldly went in before Pilate to ask for Jesus' body. 44Pilate was surprised that Jesus was already dead, so he called the centurion over and asked him if Jesus had been dead for some time.
50Now there was a good and righteous man named Joseph, who was a member of the council 51but had not consented to their decision and action. He was from Arimathea, a town of the Jews, and was himself also waiting for the kingdom of God. 52He went to Pilate and asked for Jesus' body.
38aAfter these things, Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus (but secretly for fear of the Jews), asked Pilate if he could take away Jesus' body.
58bSo Pilate commanded that the body be given to him.
45When he found out from the centurion that it was so, he granted the body to Joseph.
38bPilate gave him permission, so he came and took the body away.
Section 167b
Jesus' body placed in a tomb
Garden tomb at Golgotha
Matthew 27:59-60
Mark 15:46
Luke 23:53-54
John 19:39-42
39With him came Nicodemus (who had previously come to Jesus by night). He brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes that weighed about seventy-five pounds.
59Joseph took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen cloth,
46aAfter buying a linen cloth and taking him down, Joseph wrapped him in the linen cloth
53aThen he took it down, wrapped it in a linen cloth,
40So they took Jesus' body and wrapped it in linen cloths with the spices, as is the custom of the Jews in preparing a body for burial.
60and laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn in the rock. Then he rolled a large stone against the entrance of the tomb and went away.
46band laid him in a tomb that had been hewn in the rock. Then he rolled a stone against the entrance of the tomb.
53band laid it in a tomb hewn in the rock, where no one had ever been laid. 54It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was approaching.
41Near the place where Jesus was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden there was a new tomb in which no one had ever been laid. 42Because it was the Jewish day of Preparation and since the tomb was nearby, they laid Jesus there.
Section 168
The tomb watched by the warnen and guarded by the soldiers
Garden tomb at Golgotha & Jerusalem, at the Praetorium (the place of the Roman governor)
Matthew 27:61-66
Mark 15:47
Luke 23:55-56
61Mary Magdalene was there, and so was the other Mary, sitting across from the tomb.
47And Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where he was laid.
55The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed along behind and saw the tomb and how his body was laid in it. 56Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments. But they rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment.
62The next day (that is, after the day of Preparation), the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered together before Pilate 63and said, “Sir, we remember that while he was still alive that deceiver said, ‘After three days I will rise again.’ 64Therefore command that the tomb be secured until the third day, lest his disciples come by night, steal him away, and say to the people, ‘He has been raised from the dead.’ This last deception would be worse than the first.” 65Pilate said to them, “You have a guard of soldiers. Go and make it as secure as you know how.” 66So they went and secured the tomb by sealing the stone and posting the guard of soldiers.
Section 170
The stone rolled away
Garden tomb at Golgotha
Matthew 28:2-4
2And behold, there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended from heaven and came and rolled away the stone from the entrance and sat on it. 3His appearance was like lightning, and his clothing was as white as snow. 4The guards were so afraid of him that they trembled and became like dead men.
Section 171
The tomb found to be empty by the women
Garden tomb at Golgotha
Matthew 28:5-8
Mark 16:2-8
Luke 24:1-8
John 20:1
2Very early in the morning of the first day of the week, when the sun had risen, they went to the tomb. 3On the way, they were saying to one another, “Who will roll the stone away from the entrance of the tomb for us?” 4But when they arrived, they looked up and saw that the stone, which was very large, had already been rolled away. 5As they went into the tomb, they saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed in a long white robe, and they were alarmed.
1On the first day of the week, at early dawn, the women came to the tomb, bringing the spices they had prepared, and some other women were with them. 2They found the stone rolled away from the tomb, 3but when they went in, they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. 4While they were greatly perplexed about this, behold, two men stood by them in dazzling clothes.
1On the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene came to the tomb early, while it was still dark, and she saw that the stone had been taken away from the tomb.
5Then the angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who has been crucified. 6He is not here, for he is risen, just as he said. Come see the place where the Lord lay. 7And now go quickly and tell his disciples that he is risen from the dead. And behold, he is going ahead of you to Galilee; there you will see him. Listen to what I have told you.” 8So they went out quickly from the tomb with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples.
6But he said to them, “Do not be alarmed; you seek Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified. He is risen; he is not here. Behold, this is the place where they laid him. 7And now go tell his disciples and Peter that he is going ahead of you to Galilee. There you will see him, just as he told you.” 8So they went out and fled from the tomb, and trembling and amazement seized them. But they did not say anything to anyone, for they were afraid.
5The women were terrified and bowed their faces to the ground, but the men said to them, “Why do you seek the living among the dead? 6He is not here, but is risen. Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee, 7that the Son of Man must be delivered up into the hands of sinful men, be crucified, and on the third day rise again.” 8Then they remembered his words.
Section 172
The tomb found to be empty by Peter and John
Garden tomb at Golgotha
Luke 24:9-12
John 20:2-10
9When they returned from the tomb, they told all these things to the eleven and to all the others. 10It was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and the other women with them, who told these things to the apostles. 11But their words came across to them as nonsense, and they did not believe them. 12Peter, however, got up and ran to the tomb. When he stooped down to look in, he saw the linen cloths lying there by themselves. So he went away, wondering to himself what had happened.
2So she ran and went to Simon Peter and to the other disciple, the one whom Jesus loved, and said to them, “They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him.” 3So Peter went out, along with the other disciple, and they began making their way to the tomb. 4The two were running together, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first. 5Stooping down to look in, he saw the linen cloths lying there, but he did not go in. 6Then Simon Peter, who had been following him, arrived and went into the tomb. He saw the linen cloths lying there 7and the facecloth that had been on Jesus' head. But it was not lying with the linen cloths; it was folded up separately in another place. 8Then the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went in. He saw and believed. 9(For they did not yet understand the Scripture that Jesus must rise from the dead.) 10Then the disciples went back to their homes.
Section 173
Appearance to Mary Magdalene
Garden tomb at Golgotha & Jerusalem
Mark 16:9-11
John 20:11-18
11But Mary stood near the tomb, weeping outside. As she was weeping, she stooped down to look into the tomb 12and saw two angels in white sitting where Jesus' body had been laid, one at the head and one at the feet. 13They said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” She said to them, “They have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid him.”
9In the morning on the first day of the week, after Jesus had risen, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom he had cast out seven demons.
14After saying this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not know it was Jesus. 15Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you seeking?” Supposing that he was the gardener, she said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have laid him, and I will take him away.” 16Jesus said to her, “Mary!” She turned and said to him, “Rabboni!” (which means “Teacher”). 17Jesus said to her, “Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet ascended to my Father. But go to my brothers and tell them that I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.”
10She then went and told those who had been with him, while they were mourning and weeping. 11But when they heard that he was alive and that she had seen him, they did not believe it.
18So Mary Magdalene went and told the disciples that she had seen the Lord and that he had said these things to her.
Section 175
Report of the soldiers to the Jewish authorities
Jerusalem
Matthew 28:11-15
11As they went, behold, some of the guards went into the city and brought word to the chief priests of all that had taken place. 12After the chief priests had assembled with the elders and taken counsel, they gave a large sum of money to the soldiers 13and said, “Tell people, ‘His disciples came by night and stole him away while we were sleeping.’ 14If this matter is heard before the governor, we will persuade him and keep you free from concern.” 15So they took the money and did as they had been instructed. And this story is still being spread among the Jews today.
Section 176
Appearance to the two disciples traveling to Emmaus
Jerusalem → Emmaus
Mark 16:12-13
Luke 24:13-32
12After this, Jesus appeared in a different form to two of his followers as they were walking along in the countryside. 13They went back and told the others, but they did not believe them either.
13That same day two of them were going to a village called Emmaus, which was about seven miles from Jerusalem. 14They were talking with each other about everything that had happened. 15As they were talking and discussing these things, Jesus himself drew near and went along with them, 16but their eyes were kept from recognizing him. 17He said to them, “What are you discussing with each other as you walk along, looking downcast?” 18Then the one whose name was Cleopas answered him, “Are you the only visitor in Jerusalem who does not know the things that have happened there in these last few days?” 19He said to them, “What things?” So they said to him, “The things concerning Jesus of Nazareth, a man who was a prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people, 20and how the chief priests and our rulers handed him over to a sentence of death and crucified him. 21But we had hoped that he was the one who would redeem Israel. And besides all this, today is now the third day since these things happened. 22Moreover, some of our women amazed us. They were at the tomb early this morning, 23and when they did not find his body, they came back saying that they had seen a vision of angels, who said that he was alive. 24Then some of our companions went to the tomb and found it to be so, just as the women had said, but they did not see him.” 25Then Jesus said to them, “O foolish men, how slow of heart you are to believe all that the prophets have spoken! 26Was it not necessary for the Christ to suffer these things and enter into his glory?” 27And beginning from Moses and all the Prophets, he explained to them the things written about himself in all the Scriptures. 28As they drew near to the village where they were going, Jesus acted as though he were going on farther. 29But they urged him not to do so, saying, “Stay with us, for it is nearly evening, and the day is drawing to a close.” So he went in to stay with them. 30As he was reclining at the table with them, he took the bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it to them. 31Then their eyes were opened, and they recognized him, but he disappeared from their sight. 32They said to each other, “Were not our hearts burning within us as he spoke to us on the road and explained the Scriptures to us?”
Section 177
Report of the two disciples to the rest
Jerusalem
Luke 24:33-35
1 Corinthians 15:5a
33So they rose that very hour and returned to Jerusalem, where they found the eleven gathered together with their companions,
Section 178
Appearance to the ten assembled disciples
Jerusalem
Mark 16:14
Luke 24:36-43
John 20:19-25
14Later Jesus appeared to the eleven as they were reclining at the table, and he rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they had not believed those who had seen him after he had risen.
36As they were saying these things, Jesus himself stood among them and said to them, “Peace be with you.” 37But they were startled and terrified, thinking they had seen a spirit. 38Then he said to them, “Why are you troubled, and why are doubts arising in your hearts?
19In the evening of that day, the first day of the week, when the disciples were gathered together with the doors locked for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood among them and said to them, “Peace be with you.”
39Look at my hands and my feet and see that it is I myself. Touch me and look at me, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.” 40After saying this, he showed them his hands and his feet. 41And while they were still amazed and in disbelief because of their joy, he said to them, “Do you have anything here to eat?” 42So they gave him a piece of broiled fish and some honeycomb. 43And he took them and ate in their presence.
20aAfter saying this, he showed them his hands and his side,
20band the disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord. 21Again Jesus said to them, “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, so I am sending you.” 22After saying this, he breathed on them and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit. 23If you remit the sins of any, their sins are remitted; if you retain the sins of any, their sins are retained.” 24Now Thomas (called Didymus), one of the twelve, was not with them when Jesus came. 25So the other disciples said to him, “We have seen the Lord.” But he said to them, “Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will certainly not believe.”
Section 179
Appearance to the eleven assembled disciples
Jerusalem
John 20:26-31
1 Corinthians 15:5b
26Eight days later, Jesus' disciples were again inside, and Thomas was with them. Although the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you.” 27Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here and look at my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Do not doubt but believe.” 28In response Thomas said to him, “My Lord and my God!” 29Then Jesus said to him, “Because you have seen me, have you come to believe? Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have come to believe.” 30Jesus performed many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book. 31But these have been written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.
5band then to the twelve.
Section 180
Appearance to the seven disciples while fishing
By the Sea of Galilee
John 21:1-25
1After this Jesus again manifested himself to the disciples, by the Sea of Tiberias. He manifested himself in this way. 2Simon Peter, Thomas (called Didymus), Nathanael (from Cana of Galilee), the sons of Zebedee, and two of Jesus' other disciples were together. 3Simon Peter said to them, “I am going fishing.” They said to him, “We will go with you.” So they immediately went out and got into the boat, but that night they caught nothing. 4When daybreak came, Jesus stood on the shore, but the disciples did not know it was Jesus. 5Jesus said to them, “Children, have you caught any fish to eat?” They answered him, “No.” 6He said to them, “Cast the net on the right side of the boat, and you will find some.” So they cast it and were unable to draw it in because of the large number of fish. 7Then the disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, “It is the Lord!” When Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he put on his outer garment (for he had taken it off) and plunged into the sea. 8But the other disciples came in the small boat, dragging the net full of fish, for they were not far from shore, only about a hundred yards away. 9When they had gone ashore, they saw a charcoal fire there with a fish lying on it, and bread. 10Jesus said to them, “Bring some of the fish that you have just now caught.” 11So Simon Peter went aboard and drew the net ashore, full of large fish, one hundred fifty-three of them. Although there were so many, the net had not torn. 12Then Jesus said to them, “Come eat breakfast.” Now none of the disciples dared to ask him, “Who are you?” because they knew it was the Lord. 13Then Jesus came, took the bread, and gave it to them. He did likewise with the fish. 14This was now the third time that Jesus had been revealed to his disciples after he had been raised from the dead. 15When they had eaten breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, “Simon, son of Jonah, do you love me more than these?” Peter said to him, “Yes, Lord, you know that I care for you.” Jesus said to him, “Feed my lambs.” 16Jesus said to him a second time, “Simon, son of Jonah, do you love me?” Peter said to him, “Yes, Lord, you know that I care for you.” Jesus said to him, “Tend my sheep.” 17Then Jesus said to him the third time, “Simon, son of Jonah, do you care for me?” Peter was grieved that Jesus said to him the third time, “Do you care for me?” And he said to him, “Lord, you know everything; you know that I care for you.” Jesus said to him, “Feed my sheep. 18Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were younger, you would dress yourself and walk wherever you wanted to go; but when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands, and another will dress you and bring you where you do not want to go.” 19(He said this to indicate the kind of death by which Peter would glorify God.) After saying this, he said to Peter, “Follow me.” 20Then Peter turned around and saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following them (the one who had leaned back on Jesus' chest at the supper and said, “Lord, who is it that is going to betray you?”) 21When Peter saw him, he said to Jesus, “Lord, what about him?” 22Jesus said to him, “If I wish for him to remain until I come, what is that to you? You follow me!” 23So the rumor spread among the brothers that this disciple would not die. Yet Jesus did not tell him that he would not die; he only said, “If I wish for him to remain until I come, what is that to you?” 24This is the disciple who is testifying about these things and who has written these things, and we know that his testimony is true. 25There are also many other things that Jesus did. If every one of them were to be written down, I suppose that not even the world itself would have room for the books that would be written. Amen.
Section 181
Appearance to the Eleven in Galilee
A mountain in Galilee
Matthew 28:16-20
Mark 16:15-18
1 Corinthians 15:6
16Meanwhile, the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had directed them to go.
17When they saw him, they worshiped him, but some doubted. 18Then Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.
6Next he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at once, most of whom are still living, but some have fallen asleep.
19Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” Amen.
15He said to them, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation.
16Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned. 17And these signs will accompany those who believe: They will cast out demons in my name, they will speak in new tongues, 18they will pick up serpents, and if they drink any deadly poison, it will certainly not harm them; they will lay hands on the sick, and they will get well.”
Section 183
Appearance to the disciples in Jerusalem
Jerusalem
Luke 24:44-49
Acts 1:3-5
3He presented himself alive to them, after his suffering, by many convincing proofs, appearing to them over the course of forty days and speaking about the kingdom of God.
44Then he said to them, “These are the words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms must be fulfilled.” 45Then he opened their minds to understand the Scriptures 46and said to them, “Thus it is written, and thus it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead on the third day, 47and for repentance and remission of sins to be preached in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem.
48You are witnesses of these things. 49And behold, I am sending the promise of my Father upon you, but stay in the city of Jerusalem until you are clothed with power from on high.”
4While he was with them, he commanded them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, “Which,” he said, “you heard about from me. 5For John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.”
Section 184
Christ's parting blessing and departure
The Mount of Olives
Mark 16:19-20
Luke 24:50-53
Acts 1:6-12
50Then he led them out as far as Bethany, and lifting up his hands he blessed them.
6So when they had come together, they asked him, “Lord, are you going to restore the kingdom to Israel at this time?” 7He said to them, “It is not for you to know the times or seasons that the Father has set by his own authority, 8but you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will be witnesses to me in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”
19After the Lord had spoken to them, he was taken up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God.
51While he was blessing them, he parted from them and was carried up into heaven.
9After he said this, he was lifted up as they looked on, and a cloud took him out of their sight. 10As he went, they were gazing up into the sky, when behold, two men in white clothing were standing beside them. 11They said, “Men of Galilee, why are you standing here staring into the sky? This Jesus who was taken up from you into heaven will come back in the same way you have seen him go into heaven.”
52So they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy. 53And they were continually in the temple courts, praising and blessing God. Amen.
12Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day's journey away.
20Then the disciples went out and preached everywhere, while the Lord worked through them and confirmed the message by the signs that accompanied it. Amen.